Wiktionary

伏

伏 U+4F0F, 伏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0F
← 伎
[U+4F0E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 伐 →
[U+4F10]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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伏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 人戈大 (OIK), four-corner 23234, composition ⿰亻犬)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 438
  • Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 119, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F0F

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 伏

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 伏
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
 
b12383
 
s05877
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L37486
 
L37487
 
L37488
 
L25340
 
L25341
 
L25342
 
L25343
 
L25344
 
L25345
 
L25346
 
L25347
 
L25348
 
L25349
 
L25350
 
L25351
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (伏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絥 *brɯɡs, *bɯɡ
伏 *bɯɡs, *bɯɡ
垘 *bɯːɡ
茯 *bɯɡ
洑 *bɯɡ
栿 *bɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“person”) + 犬 (“dog”) – meaning “prostrate”.

  • A dog at the side of a person.
  • A person adopting the position of a dog.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation 1 and 2 are related (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • buk6 - vernacular;
  • fuk6 - literary.
Note:
  • horh7 - literary;
  • pah6 - vernacular.
Note:
  • hog4 - literary;
  • pag4 - vernacular.
Note:
  • 8voq - literary;
  • 8boq - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 伏
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 屋 (4)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 房六切
    Baxter bjuwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭuk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fú
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fuk6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 伏
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b]ək/
    English lie prostrate

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 伏
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 3333
    Phonetic
    component         		伏
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		伏
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bɯɡ/
    Definitions
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    伏

    1. to lie prostrate
    2. to crouch; to crawl
    3. to ambush; to lie hidden
    4. to hide; to conceal
    5. to surrender; to yield
    6. to accept; to submit; to bear; to endure
    7. to subdue
    8. to go down; to fall down
    9. to remain; to wait for
    10. to remove
    11. residence
    12. hottest days of summer
    13. (Hong Kong Cantonese) below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy
      Synonym: 雷 (léi) (Mandarin)
    14. (obsolete) horizontal wooden bar in front of a carriage chair
    15. short for 伏特 (fútè, “volt”)
    16. alternative form of 服
    17. a surname, Fu

    Synonyms

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    • (to hide):
    • (hottest days of summer): 伏天 (fútiān)

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 2

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    Rime
    Character 伏
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 扶富切
    Baxter bjuwH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bɨuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biəuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buwH/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuH/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭəuH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯ə̯uH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fòu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fau6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 伏
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjuwH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b]ək-s/
    English hatch (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 伏
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 3331
    Phonetic
    component         		伏
    Rime
    group         		代
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		復
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bɯɡs/
    Definitions
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    伏

    1. (archaic or dialectal) to hatch
      伏小雞／伏小鸡 [Shanghainese]  ―  6bu 5shiau-ci [Wugniu]  ―  to hatch chicks

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of 復).

    Etymology 3

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 負 (“to carry; to bear; to rely on; to load; to burden; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of 負).

    Etymology 4

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 袱.
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of 袱).
    Notes:

    Etymology 5

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 匐.
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of 匐).
    Notes:

    Further reading

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    伏

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. prostrated
    2. to bend down
    3. to bow
    4. to cover
    5. to lay pipes

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    Historical readings

    伏 (eumhun 엎드릴 복 (eopdeuril bok))

    1. hanja form? of 복 (“crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal”)

    伏 (eumhun 안을 부 (aneul bu))

    1. hanja form? of 복 (“embrace, hold something in one's arms”)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    伏: Hán Nôm readings: phục

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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