Wiktionary

丈

See also: 𠀋 and 大
丈 U+4E08, 丈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E08
← 万
[U+4E07] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 三 →
[U+4E09]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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丈 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, Cangjie input 十大 (JK), four-corner 50000, composition ⿻𠂇㇏)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11
  • Dae Jaweon: page 137, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 9, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E08

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 丈
alternative forms 𠀋
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 丈
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
 
s01638
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L35087
 
L17509
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丈 *daŋʔ
杖 *daŋʔ
仗 *daŋʔ, *daŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 十 (“ten”) + 又 (“hand”) – ten chi (尺) is one zhang (丈). Similar but unrelated to 支.

Etymology

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"gentleman, older man, husband"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-rjaŋ (“uncle, superior”) (Schuessler (2007), STEDT; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tVŋ (“upper part, rise, raise, top, summit”)). Cognate with 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) "upwards", Tibetan ཨ་ཞང (a zhang, “maternal uncle”), Burmese အရှင် (a.hrang, “master, lord”), etc.
"unit of measurement"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan, compare Mizo ṭâng " kai (“to measure (v.), a measure (n.) from the tip of the middle finger from one side to a spot between the breast bone and the other side's armpit”) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation

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Note: ciang4 - "husband of one's aunt".
Note:
  • dâung - unit of measure;
  • diông/tiông - kinship term.
Note:
  • dieo5/diunn5, dung5/dng5 - vernacular;
  • dyorng5/dyoeng5 - literary.
Note:
  • tiūⁿ/tiōⁿ/tiǔⁿ - vernacular;
  • tn̄g/tňg/tōⁿ - vernacular (unit of measurement);
  • tiōng/tiāng/tiǒng - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: deng6 / ziang6 / diên6 / dion6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̆ng / tsiăng / tiĕⁿ / tiŏⁿ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɯŋ³⁵/, /t͡siaŋ³⁵/, /tĩẽ³⁵/, /tĩõ³⁵/
Note:
  • deng6 - unit of measurement;
  • ziang6 - “to measure”;
  • diên6/dion6 - “gentleman”.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: do6 / jiang6
      • Sinological IPA: /tɔ³³/, /t͡siaŋ³³/
Note:
  • do6 - vernacular;
  • jiang6 - literary.
Note: za - as in "father-in-law", see 丈人.
Note:
  • zhan5 - vernacular;
  • zhan4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 丈
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直兩切
    Baxter drjangX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨɐŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖiɐŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡiɑŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖɨaŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡiaŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭaŋX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯aŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zoeng6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 丈
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjangX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]raŋʔ/
    English ten feet

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 丈
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16836
    Phonetic
    component         		丈
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		丈
    Old
    Chinese         		/*daŋʔ/

    Definitions

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    丈

    1. A unit of measurement.
      1. The zhang, a traditional Chinese unit of length equal to 10 chi (尺)
      • c. 800, 韓愈, 聽穎師彈琴:
        “跻攀分寸不可上，失势一落千丈 强。”
        Jī pān fēncùn bùkě shàng, shīshì yī luò qiān zhàng qiáng
        "Climbing too high is impossible, losing one's position is a huge fall of 1,000 zhang.
      1. The mainland zhang, a unit of length standardized in 1984 as 3 1/3 meters.
        Synonym: 市丈 (shìzhàng)
      2. The Taiwanese zhang, a unit of length standardized as 3 1/33 meters, identical to the Japanese jō.
      3. The Hong Kong jeuhng, standardized as 3.71475 meters.
    2. to survey (land); to measure
    3. gentleman; man; husband
      丈夫  ―  zhàngfū  ―  husband

    See also

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    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai 丈  
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2][3]
    丈󠄁
    丈+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)         		 
    丈󠄃
    丈+&#xE0103;?
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji

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    丈

    (Jōyō kanji)

    Readings

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    Alternative forms

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    丈
    じょう
    Grade: S
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 丈 (MC drjangX).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    丈(じょう) • (jō) ←ぢやう (dyau)?

    1. jō, a traditional Japanese unit of length based on 10 shaku, standardized as equal to 3+1⁄33 meters.

    Proper noun

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    丈(じょう) • (Jō) ←ぢやう (Dyau)?

    1. a male given name
    Compounds
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    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    丈
    つかさ
    Grade: S
    nanori

    Pronunciation

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    Proper noun

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    丈(つかさ) • (Tsukasa) 

    1. a male given name

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    丈
    たき
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    Kanji in this term
    丈
    たけ
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 丈 – see the following entry.
    【長たき】2
    [noun] height
    【長たけ】2
    [noun] height
    [proper noun] a surname
    (This term, 丈, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 4

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    Kanji in this term
    丈
    だけ
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 丈 – see the following entry.
    【だけ】
    [particle] in a negative, limiting sense: only, just, limit
    [particle] in a positive, non-limiting sense: amount, as much as
    (This term, 丈, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Usage notes

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    • This term is often spelled in kana. The kanji spelling is rarely used.

    Etymology 5

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    Kanji in this term
    丈
    つえ
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 丈 – see the following entry.
    【杖つえ】J
    [noun] staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand
    [noun] something one leans on, a support
    [noun] a cane used for corporal punishment
    [noun] a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge
    [noun] the stem of a pear
    [noun] (historical) a traditional unit of length
    [noun] (historical) approximately 3 meters
    [noun] (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters
    [noun] (historical) a traditional unit of area
    [noun] (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
    Alternative spellings
    筇, 仗
    (This term, 丈, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References

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    1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “丈”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
    2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 23 (paper), page 61 (digital)
    3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 20 (paper), page 22 (digital)
    4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    丈 (eumhun 어른 장 (eoreun jang))

    1. A unit of measurement equal to the Chinese zhang

    References

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    丈: Hán Việt readings: trượng
    丈: Nôm readings: trượng

    Noun

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    丈

    1. chữ Hán form of trượng
      1. (archaic) a unit of length
      2. (North Central Vietnam) paternal uncle-in-law, father's sister's husband

    References

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