Wiktionary

ش

See also: ـش, س, and س-

ش U+0634, ش
ARABIC LETTER SHEEN
← س
[U+0633] 		Arabic ص →
[U+0635]
Isolated form Final form Medial form Initial form
ش ـش ـشـ شـ
ﺵ U+FEB5, ﺵ
ARABIC LETTER SHEEN ISOLATED FORM
← ﺴ
[U+FEB4] 		Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺶ →
[U+FEB6]
ﺶ U+FEB6, ﺶ
ARABIC LETTER SHEEN FINAL FORM
← ﺵ
[U+FEB5] 		Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺷ →
[U+FEB7]
ﺷ U+FEB7, ﺷ
ARABIC LETTER SHEEN INITIAL FORM
← ﺶ
[U+FEB6] 		Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺸ →
[U+FEB8]
ﺸ U+FEB8, ﺸ
ARABIC LETTER SHEEN MEDIAL FORM
← ﺷ
[U+FEB7] 		Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺹ →
[U+FEB9]

Acehnese

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Pronunciation

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  • (Name of letter) IPA(key): /ʃen/, [cen]
  • (Phoneme) IPA(key): /ʃ/, [c]

Letter

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ش (syén or cén)

  1. The fourteenth letter of the Acehnese alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

See also

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Arabic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Semitic *šinn- (“tooth”), the source of سن (sinn). The association of "tooth" with this letter was the result of folk etymology and based on the corresponding Phoenician letter, 𐤔 (š), having a shape resembling a tooth. The letter originally depicted a composite bow, which usually has the tips curving away from the archer when unstrung.[1][2]

Related to Classical Syriac ܫ, Hebrew ש, Phoenician 𐤔 (š), Russian ш (š), Aramaic ܫ. More at Shin. It is the only letter of the Arabic alphabet with three dots with a letter corresponding to a letter in the Northwest Semitic abjad or the Phoenician alphabet.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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ش / ش‍ / ‍ش‍ / ‍ش • (šīn)

  1. The thirteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س (s) and followed by ص (ṣ).

Symbol

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ش / ش‍ / ‍ش‍ / ‍ش • (šīn)

  1. The twenty-first numeral symbol of the Arabic alphabet (traditional abjad order, used for list numbering), written in the Arabic script; preceded by ر (r) and followed by ت (t).

See also

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References

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  1. ^ “shin”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
  2. ^ Albright, W. F. (1948). "The Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from Sinai and their Decipherment". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 110 (110): 6–22 [p. 15].

Balti

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ش (transliteration needed)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

Burushaski

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ش (ś)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

Chinese

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ش

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Xiao'erjing abjad, written in the Arabic script.

Usage notes

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  • This letter is also used to represent Pinyin initial x-.

Egyptian Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ʃiːn/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʃ/
  • (voice-assimilated) IPA(key): [ʒ]

Letter

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ش • (š)

  1. The thirteenth letter of the Egyptian Arabic alphabet, called شين and written in the Arabic script.
See also
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Etymology 2

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Shortened from Arabic شَيْء (šayʔ, “thing”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʃ/, [ʃ]
  • IPA(key): /ʃi/, [ʃi]
  • IPA(key): /iʃ/, [eʃ] (after a consonant cluster)

Suffix

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ـش • (-š)

  1. Negates a verb. [with ما- (ma-, + verb)]

Iraqi Arabic

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Etymology

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    Clipping of شنو (šinu). Compare Moroccan Arabic ش (š, “what”), Maltese x’ (“what”).

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    ش (š)

    1. (interrogative) what
      شاسمك ؟ (to a male) ― šismak? ― What's your name?
    2. regardless of, no matter [with ما]

    Kashmiri

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ش • (ś)

    1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Kashmiri alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ص.

    Kazakh

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    Alternative scripts
    Arabic ش
    Cyrillic Ш, ш
    Latin Ş, ş

    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ش • (ş) (Cyrillic equivalent Ш or ш)

    1. The twelfth letter of the Kazakh alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س (s) and followed by ع (ğ).

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    Khowar

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ش (šīn)

    1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Khowar alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ݰ.

    Malay

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    Malay Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ms

    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ش / ش‍ / ‍ش‍ / ‍ش

    1. The fourteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

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    North Levantine Arabic

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    Etymology 1

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    Clipping of شِي (šī, “thing”) from the construction ما (ma, “not”) +‎ … +‎ شي (šī, “one bit”, literally “a thing”), bleached in the process of Jespersen's Cycle.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    ـش • (-š)

    1. (regional, rural) Negates verbs or occasionally other parts of speech
    Usage notes
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    • Lengthens final vowels and stresses them as other suffixes do, except around the Lebanese area of Keserwan, where it attaches directly to short final vowels without affecting their length. Compare:
      • Unnegated forms: يحكوا (yiḥku, yiḥko, “(that) they talk”), يزيدولا (yzīdūla, “(that) they add to it”)
      • Traditional negation around Keserwan: ما يحكُش (ma yiḥkoš, “so that they don't talk”), ما يزيدولَش (ma yzīdūlaš, “so they don't add to it”)
      • Negation typical of other regions: ما يحكوش (ma yiḥkūš, “so that they don't talk”), ما يزيدولاش (ma yzīdūlāš, yzīdūlēš, “so that they don't add to it”).
    • Similarly, contracts final superheavy syllables except around the area of Keserwan: ما كانش (ma kēnš, in Keserwan) vs. ما كنش (ma kanš, elsewhere) when negating كان (kān, kēn, “it was”).
    • Despite attestations in various Levantine dialects throughout the 20th century, nearly all dialects have now dropped the historical ـه (-h) of the third-person masculine pronoun after word-final vowels, as in بياكلوه (byāklū, “they eat it”, no longer *byāklūh). This leaves the vowel's residual length and stress to indicate the pronoun's presence. However, ـش (-š) often resurfaces the ـه (-h). For example, the negated form of بياكلوه (byāklū, “they eat it”) is typically بياكلوهوش (byāklūhūš, “they don't eat it”), and in South Lebanon بياكلُهش (byēkluhš, “they don't eat it”).
    • ـش (-š) is typically used in a circumfix construction with ما (ma, negator) or أ (ʔa-, negator). Alternatively, it may also be used by itself with no preceding negator. In South Lebanon, Baskinta, Zeitoun, and likely other areas, this third option is allowed in the past tense, unlike in general South Levantine usage as described below.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    The prefixed form is said to be from substrate Aramaic ש־ (š-, causative prefix), whose use was evidently later extended to Arabic-origin verbs as well. Its eventual ancestor, Proto-Semitic *ša- (causative prefix), also yielded the ـسـ (-s-) at the beginning of Form X and the original Arabic أَ (ʔa-) of form IV, although the latter was generally reduced to zero in North Levantine dialects.

    The suffixed form, which is rare enough that Anis Freiha identifies only three of the below words for it,[1] may be from the prefixed form via a kind of metathesis.

    Prefix

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    شـ • (š-)

    1. (no longer productive) Extension for triliteral roots that imparts a causative meaning: شَفْعَل (šafʕal; šaCCaC)
    Derived terms
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    Suffix

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    ـش • (-š)

    1. (not productive) Extension for triliteral roots: فَعْلَش (faʕlaš; CaCCaš)
    Derived terms
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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 أَنِيس خُورِي فْرَيْحَة [Anis Khuri Frayha, Anis Freiha] (August 1935), “ش”, in Quadriliterals from the dialect of Ras al-Matn (Lebanon) (Ph. D. Thesis), University of Chicago, Illinois, published 1938, →OCLC, Faʿlash, page 39

    Old Ruthenian

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    Letter

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    ش • (š)[1] (Middle Belarusian Arabica)

    1. A letter of the Old Ruthenian alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

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    References

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    1. ^ Antonovich (1968), page 193: “ش”

    Ottoman Turkish

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    Etymology

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    From Arabic ش (šīn).

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    Letter

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    ش/شـ/ـشـ/ـش • (şın)

    1. The sixteenth letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, called شِن (şın) and written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ص.

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    Pashto

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ش • (šin)

    1. The twenty-second letter of the Pashto alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ښ.

    Persian

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    Letter

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    شٍ • (šin)

    1. The sixteenth letter of the Persian alphabet, called شین and written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ص.

    Punjabi

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    Pronunciation

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    • (letter name): IPA(key): /ʃiːn̪/
    • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʃᵊ/

    Letter

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    ش • (šīn) (Gurmukhi equivalent ਸ਼)

    1. The nineteenth letter of the Punjabi alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س (sīn) and followed by ص (ṣwāt).

    Sindhi

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ش • (śīn) (Devanagari equivalent श or ष, Khudabadi equivalent 𑋜)

    1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Sindhi alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س (s) and followed by ص (ṣ).

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    South Levantine Arabic

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    Etymology

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    Clipping of شِي (šī, “thing”) from the construction ما (ma, “not”) +‎ ... +‎ شي (šī, “one bit”), bleached in the process of Jespersen's Cycle.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    ـش • (-š)

    1. don't, didn't (negation of verbs)
      Synonyms: ما (mā), (imperative) لا (la)
      بحكيش إنكليزي ― biḥkīš ʔinglīzi ― he doesn't speak English
      Audio (Ramallah):(file)
      ما بحكيش إنكليزي ― ma biḥkīš ʔinglīzi ― he doesn't speak English
      Audio (Ramallah):(file)
      تنساش ― tinsāš ― don't forget
      Audio (Ramallah):(file)
      ما تنساش ― ma tinsāš ― don't forget
      Audio (Ramallah):(file)
      ما كتبش ― ma katabš ― he didn't write
      Audio (Ramallah):(file)

    Usage notes

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    • ـش (-š) shifts the stress to the end of the verbal phrase, lengthening final vowels.
    • ـش (-š) may be used by itself or together with ما (ma); in the past tense, however, ما (ma) is required.

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    Urdu

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    Etymology 1

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ش • (śīn) (Devanagari equivalent श or ष)

    1. The nineteenth letter of the Urdu alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ص.

    Etymology 2

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    From Classical Persian ـش (-iš).

    Suffix

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    ـش • (-iś)

    1. A suffix used in many nouns borrowed from Persian, and also in certain native words. This is a rough equivalent of -tion or -ment, making a noun for the action of the verb.
    Usage notes
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    Persian nouns ending in a long vowel that add ـیـ (-y-) in Persian before this suffix, usually become ـئـ (-i-) due to modified pronunciation. In certain instances, ـیـ (-i-) remains or is one of the acceptable spellings. For example, Persian آزمایش (âzmâyeš) is normally spelled as Urdu آزمائش (āzmāiś).

    Uyghur

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    Pronunciation

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    ش • (she)

    1. The fourteenth letter of the Uyghur alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س (s) and followed by غ (gh).

    Yoruba

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ش (transliteration needed) (Latin equivalent Ṣ or ṣ (Nigeria) or Sh or Sh (Benin))

    1. The twenty-first letter of the Yoruba alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ت.
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