بن

See also: ثن, تن, پ.ن, ین, and ين

Arabic

Etymology 1

Base form of اِبْن (ibn). From Proto-Semitic *bin-. Compare Hebrew בֵּן.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ibn/

Noun

بْن • (bn) m

1. alternative form of اِبْن (ibn)

Usage notes

Used after another noun (which necessarily ends in a vowel if case endings are preserved).

Declension

Declension of noun بْن (bn)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	—	—	بْن bn
nominative	—	—	بْنُ bnu
accusative	—	—	بْنَ bna
genitive	—	—	بْنِ bni

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܢܳܐ (būnā), which, attested as “barley soaked in water”, underwent a meaning development in 14^th-century Yemen due to brewages of sundry appetizing beverages, less likely in view of the pungent fish-sauce بُنّ (bunn), but from the picture of barley grains to the coffee bean in particular. Compare meaning transferrals in the spice-names قِزْح (qizḥ) and بِسْبَاس (bisbās), and خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs, “spelt; gruel”) to “wine”, as قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”) originally meant “wine”. This specific meaning strain—it was only generalized in Ethiopia to mean the berry, powder and decoct of coffee too—is confirmed by Ancient Greek βύνη (búnē, “malt”), a borrowing found in Late Antiquity’s Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis and Aëtius of Amida. The further origin can be a technical term restricted from the well-known Middle Iranian word for “base, grounds” found as Classical Persian بن (bun) and Old Armenian բուն (bun), also borrowed directly from Iranian in Omani Arabic بون (būn), compare the Iranianism reflected in Arabic دُرْدِيّ (durdiyy, “lees, amurca”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bunn/

Noun

بُنّ • (bunn) m (plural أَبْنَان (ʔabnān)) (usually uncountable)

1. coffee beans, coffee
2. coffee tree
3. (obsolete) a fine strong fragrance

Declension

Declension of noun بُنّ (bunn)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُنّ bunn	الْبُنّ al-bunn	بُنّ bunn
nominative	بُنٌّ bunnun	الْبُنُّ al-bunnu	بُنُّ bunnu
accusative	بُنًّا bunnan	الْبُنَّ al-bunna	بُنَّ bunna
genitive	بُنٍّ bunnin	الْبُنِّ al-bunni	بُنِّ bunni
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُنَّيْن bunnayn	الْبُنَّيْن al-bunnayn	بُنَّيْ bunnay
nominative	بُنَّانِ bunnāni	الْبُنَّانِ al-bunnāni	بُنَّا bunnā
accusative	بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni	الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni	بُنَّيْ bunnay
genitive	بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni	الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni	بُنَّيْ bunnay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَبْنَان ʔabnān	الْأَبْنَان al-ʔabnān	أَبْنَان ʔabnān
nominative	أَبْنَانٌ ʔabnānun	الْأَبْنَانُ al-ʔabnānu	أَبْنَانُ ʔabnānu
accusative	أَبْنَانًا ʔabnānan	الْأَبْنَانَ al-ʔabnāna	أَبْنَانَ ʔabnāna
genitive	أَبْنَانٍ ʔabnānin	الْأَبْنَانِ al-ʔabnāni	أَبْنَانِ ʔabnāni

Derived terms

• بُنِّيّ (bunniyy)
• بَنَّة (banna, “odour”)

Descendants

• → Afar: bún, búun (Northern Afar), búna, buná (Southern Afar)
• → Amharic: ቡን (bunn)
  • ⇒ Amharic: ቡና (bunna)
    • → Afar: buna
    • → Awngi: [script needed] (bunnoa)
    • → Kafa: buno
    • → Oromo: buna
    • → Sidamo: buna
    • → Waata: bunna
    • → Wolaytta: bunna
• → Coptic: ⲡⲟⲛ (pon)
• → Gujarati: બૂંદ (bū̃d)
• → Harari: ቡን (bunn)
• → Tigre: ቡን (bun)
• → Tigrinya: ቡን (bun)
• → Ottoman Turkish: بن (bünn)
• → Swahili: buni

See also

• قَهْوَة (qahwa)

Etymology 3

Back-formation from بُنِّيّ (bunniyy, “Labeobarbus bynni”), a well-eaten fish of the highest frequency in the Nile.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bunn/

Noun

بُنّ • (bunn) m

2. (obsolete) brine, pickling-solution, a fish-dish from the salt water in which for example Labeobarbus bynni has been preserved.

Declension

Declension of noun بُنّ (bunn)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُنّ bunn	الْبُنّ al-bunn	بُنّ bunn
nominative	بُنٌّ bunnun	الْبُنُّ al-bunnu	بُنُّ bunnu
accusative	بُنًّا bunnan	الْبُنَّ al-bunna	بُنَّ bunna
genitive	بُنٍّ bunnin	الْبُنِّ al-bunni	بُنِّ bunni

See also

• مُرِّيّ (murriyy)
• مَرَقَة (maraqa)
• رُبَيْثَاء (rubayṯāʔ)
• صِير (ṣīr)
• أُجَاج (ʔujāj)

Etymology 4.1

Apparently denominal from بَنَّة (banna, “odour in particular from lodging-places due to cattle”).

Verb

بَنَّ • (banna) I (non-past يَبِنُّ (yabinnu), verbal noun ?) (obsolete)

1. to stop over or have a stay [with بِ (bi)]

Conjugation

Conjugation of بَنَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, full passive (?), verbal noun ?)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						? ?
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						بَانّ bānn
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَبْنُون mabnūn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَنَنْتُ banantu	بَنَنْتَ bananta	بَنَّ banna		بَنَنْتُمَا banantumā	بَنَّا bannā		بَنَنَّا banannā	بَنَنْتُمْ banantum	بَنُّوا bannū
	f		بَنَنْتِ bananti	بَنَّتْ bannat			بَنَّتَا bannatā			بَنَنْتُنَّ banantunna	بَنَنَّ bananna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَبِنُّ ʔabinnu	تَبِنُّ tabinnu	يَبِنُّ yabinnu		تَبِنَّانِ tabinnāni	يَبِنَّانِ yabinnāni		نَبِنُّ nabinnu	تَبِنُّونَ tabinnūna	يَبِنُّونَ yabinnūna
	f		تَبِنِّينَ tabinnīna	تَبِنُّ tabinnu			تَبِنَّانِ tabinnāni			تَبْنِنَّ tabninna	يَبْنِنَّ yabninna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَبِنَّ ʔabinna	تَبِنَّ tabinna	يَبِنَّ yabinna		تَبِنَّا tabinnā	يَبِنَّا yabinnā		نَبِنَّ nabinna	تَبِنُّوا tabinnū	يَبِنُّوا yabinnū
	f		تَبِنِّي tabinnī	تَبِنَّ tabinna			تَبِنَّا tabinnā			تَبْنِنَّ tabninna	يَبْنِنَّ yabninna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَبِنَّ, أَبِنِّ, أَبْنِنْ ʔabinna, ʔabinni, ʔabnin	تَبِنَّ, تَبِنِّ, تَبْنِنْ tabinna, tabinni, tabnin	يَبِنَّ, يَبِنِّ, يَبْنِنْ yabinna, yabinni, yabnin		تَبِنَّا tabinnā	يَبِنَّا yabinnā		نَبِنَّ, نَبِنِّ, نَبْنِنْ nabinna, nabinni, nabnin	تَبِنُّوا tabinnū	يَبِنُّوا yabinnū
	f		تَبِنِّي tabinnī	تَبِنَّ, تَبِنِّ, تَبْنِنْ tabinna, tabinni, tabnin			تَبِنَّا tabinnā			تَبْنِنَّ tabninna	يَبْنِنَّ yabninna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		بِنَّ, بِنِّ, اِبْنِنْ binna, binni, ibnin			بِنَّا binnā				بِنُّوا binnū
	f		بِنِّي binnī							اِبْنِنَّ ibninna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بُنِنْتُ bunintu	بُنِنْتَ buninta	بُنَّ bunna		بُنِنْتُمَا bunintumā	بُنَّا bunnā		بُنِنَّا buninnā	بُنِنْتُمْ bunintum	بُنُّوا bunnū
	f		بُنِنْتِ buninti	بُنَّتْ bunnat			بُنَّتَا bunnatā			بُنِنْتُنَّ bunintunna	بُنِنَّ buninna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُبَنُّ ʔubannu	تُبَنُّ tubannu	يُبَنُّ yubannu		تُبَنَّانِ tubannāni	يُبَنَّانِ yubannāni		نُبَنُّ nubannu	تُبَنُّونَ tubannūna	يُبَنُّونَ yubannūna
	f		تُبَنِّينَ tubannīna	تُبَنُّ tubannu			تُبَنَّانِ tubannāni			تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna	يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُبَنَّ ʔubanna	تُبَنَّ tubanna	يُبَنَّ yubanna		تُبَنَّا tubannā	يُبَنَّا yubannā		نُبَنَّ nubanna	تُبَنُّوا tubannū	يُبَنُّوا yubannū
	f		تُبَنِّي tubannī	تُبَنَّ tubanna			تُبَنَّا tubannā			تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna	يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُبَنَّ, أُبَنِّ, أُبْنَنْ ʔubanna, ʔubanni, ʔubnan	تُبَنَّ, تُبَنِّ, تُبْنَنْ tubanna, tubanni, tubnan	يُبَنَّ, يُبَنِّ, يُبْنَنْ yubanna, yubanni, yubnan		تُبَنَّا tubannā	يُبَنَّا yubannā		نُبَنَّ, نُبَنِّ, نُبْنَنْ nubanna, nubanni, nubnan	تُبَنُّوا tubannū	يُبَنُّوا yubannū
	f		تُبَنِّي tubannī	تُبَنَّ, تُبَنِّ, تُبْنَنْ tubanna, tubanni, tubnan			تُبَنَّا tubannā			تُبْنَنَّ tubnanna	يُبْنَنَّ yubnanna

Etymology 4.2

Noun

بِنّ • (binn) m (obsolete)

1. a place having a fetid odour
2. layer of fat

Declension

Declension of noun بِنّ (binn)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بِنّ binn	الْبِنّ al-binn	بِنّ binn
nominative	بِنٌّ binnun	الْبِنُّ al-binnu	بِنُّ binnu
accusative	بِنًّا binnan	الْبِنَّ al-binna	بِنَّ binna
genitive	بِنٍّ binnin	الْبِنِّ al-binni	بِنِّ binni

Etymology 4

Verb

بن (form I)

1. بِنَّ (binna) /bin.na/: inflection of بَانَ (bāna):
   1. third-person feminine plural past active
   2. second-person feminine plural imperative
2. بِنْ (bin) /bin/: second-person masculine singular imperative of بَانَ (bāna)

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “بن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 116
• Freytag, Georg (1830), “بن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 158b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “بن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 166
• Landberg, Carlo, editor (1909), Études sur les dialectes de l'Arabie méridionale. Deuxième volume. Daṯînah. Deuxième partie‎^[4] (in French), Leiden: Brill, pages 1062–1064
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “بن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 258a–b.
• Streck, Maximilian (1907), “Bemerkungen zu einigen arabischen Fischnamen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[5] (in German), volume 61, page 638

Brokskat

Noun

بن (ban)

1. village

Early Old Oghuz

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ.

Noun

بَنْ (ben)

1. I (first person singular pronoun)

   بَنْ بَرْدُمْ

   Ben bardum.

   I am gone.

Descendants

• Old Anatolian Turkish: بن, مَنْ (män) (Azerbaijan, East Anatolia), [script needed] (-ven)
  • Azerbaijani: mən
  • Gagauz: bän
  • Ottoman Turkish: بن
    • Turkish: ben
• Salar: men
• Turkmen: men, -yn, -in

References

• Mahmud al-Kashgari (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the Compendium of the Languages of the Turks] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 31, 339.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bün.

Noun

بُنْ (bün)

1. soup

References

• Mahmud al-Kashgari (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the Compendium of the Languages of the Turks] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 31.

Gawar-Bati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वन (vana).

Noun

بن (ban)

1. jungle, forest

Kalami

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰandʰás

Proto-Iranian *bandáh

Classical Persian بَنْد (band)bor.

Kalami بن

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَنْد (band).

Pronunciation

• Tone class: H
• IPA^(key): /bán/

Adjective

بن (ban) m

1. closed

References

• Baart, Joan L. G. (1997), “ban”, in The sounds and tones of Kalam Kohistani: with wordlist and texts (Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan; 1)‎^[6], National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University; Summer Institute of Linguistics, page 79

Old Anatolian Turkish

Alternative forms

• مَنْ (män) (Azerbaijan, East Anatolia)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *bän (“I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben- (“me”), oblique of *be (“I”).

Pronoun

بَنْ • (bän)

1. I (first person singular pronoun)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: mən
• Gagauz: bän
• Ottoman Turkish: بن
  • Turkish: ben

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish بن (ban /⁠bän⁠/, “I”), from Proto-Common Turkic *bän (“I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben- (“me”), oblique of *be (“I”).

Pronoun

بَنْ • (ben)

1. I

Declension

Declension of بن

	singular	plural
nominative	بن (ben)	بز (biz)
genitive	بنم (benim)	بزم (bizim)
dative	بڭا (baña)	بزه (bize)
definite accusative	بنی (beni)	بزی (bizi)
locative	بنده (bende)	بزده (bizde)
ablative	بندن (benden)	بزدن (bizden)

Descendants

• Turkish: ben

Etymology 2

From Arabic اِبْن (ibn, “son”).

Noun

بن • (bin) (plural بنی)

1. son (only used at names, e.g. Ahmet bin Ali - “the son of Ali, Ahmed”)

   Synonym: اوغلی (oğlu)

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “بن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[7] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 277
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “بنی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 390

Pashto

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *hapáθniH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH (“co-wife”). Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī) and Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapatnī).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bən/

Noun

بن • (bən) f

1. co-wife

Declension

Declension of بن

	singular	plural
direct	بن (bən)	بنې (bəne)
oblique	بنې (bəne)	بنو (bəno)
vocative	بنې (bəne)	بنو (bəno)

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /⁠bun⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *buHnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás, from *bʰudʰmḗn.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈbun/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bʊn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bun]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bon]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bun]

Readings
Classical reading?	bun
Dari reading?	bun
Iranian reading?	bon
Tajik reading?	bun

Noun

بن • (bon)

1. bottom
2. foundation
3. root

Derived terms

• بنگاه (bongâh, “organization, institution”)
• بن‌بست (bon-bast, “dead-end”)

Etymology 2

From late Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /⁠bun⁠/), from earlier [script needed] (wn' /⁠wan⁠/, “tree; stock, stem”) also present as ون (van, “ash tree”) and Classical Syriac ܒܰܢ (ban, “terebinth”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wán- (“tree, wood”). Cognate with Pashto ونه (“tree”) and Sanskrit वन (vana, “forest, grove, thicket”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈbun/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bʊn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bun]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bon]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bun]

Readings
Classical reading?	bun
Dari reading?	bun
Iranian reading?	bon
Tajik reading?	bun

Noun

بن • (bon) (archaic)

1. bush
2. tree

Derived terms

• گلبن (golbon)
• خاربن (xârbon)
• سروبن (sarvbon)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic بِن (bin, “son”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈbin/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɪn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɪn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bɪn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bin]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ben]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bin]

Readings
Classical reading?	bin
Dari reading?	bin
Iranian reading?	ben
Tajik reading?	bin

Noun

بن • (ben)

1. bin (in Arabic names)

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

بن • (ben)

1. Ben (the capital city of Ben County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran)
2. Ben (a county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from German Bonn.

Pronunciation

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bon]

Readings
Iranian reading?	bon

Proper noun

بن • (bon)

1. Bonn (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the Rhine River; the former capital of West Germany and (until 1999) seat of government of unified Germany)

References

• Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008), Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)‎^[9], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 129, from which apparently “bn²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Laufer, Berthold (1919), Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, pages 248–249
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “بن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary (overall work in English), London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 200
• Vullers, Johann August (1855), “بن”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[10] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 263

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بُنّ (bunn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /binn/, [bɪn]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

بنّ • (binn) m

1. coffee beans
2. ground coffee

See also

• قهوة (ʔahwe, “coffee”)
• بني (binni, “brown”)