ты
Belarusian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты • (ty)
Declension
edit| singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
| m | n | f | |||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) | ты (ty) | ён (jon) | яно́ (janó) | яна́ (janá) | мы (my) | вы (vy) | яны́ (janý) | — | ||
| genitive | мяне́ (mjanjé) | цябе́ (cjabjé) | яго́ (jahó) | яе́ (jajé) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
| dative | мне (mnje) | табе́ (tabjé) | яму́ (jamú) | ёй (joj) | нам (nam) | вам (vam) | ім (im) | сабе́ (sabjé) | |||
| accusative | мяне́ (mjanjé) | цябе́ (cjabjé) | яго́ (jahó) | яе́ (jajé) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю (mnoj, mnóju) | табо́й, табо́ю (tabój, tabóju) | ім (im) | ёй, ёю (joj, jóju) | на́мі (námi) | ва́мі (vámi) | і́мі (ími) | сабо́й, сабо́ю (sabój, sabóju) | |||
| locative | мне (mnje) | табе́ (tabjé) | ім (im) | ёй (joj) | нас (nas) | вас (vas) | іх (ix) | сабе́ (sabjé) | |||
Carpathian Rusyn
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
editты • (tŷ)
- you (singular)
Eastern Mari
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
editты • (ty)
- synonym of седе (sede)
- 2003, Попов, Никандр Семёнович, Календарные праздники и обряды марийцев[1], volume 1, Марийский институт языка, литературы и истории, →ISBN, page 262:
- Ты рвезе ятырак жап еҥым вашталтыл коштын.
- Ty rveze jatyrak žap jeŋym vaštaltyl koštyn.
- This guy has been changing people for quite a long time.
Synonyms
edit- тиде (tide)
Etymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle
editты • (ty)
- emphatic particle
- ты вурседылеш вет
- ty vursedyĺeš vet
- (s)he is really arguing
References
edit- J. Bradley et al. (2023), “ты”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Ket
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Ketic *tʰɯpʰʌl (“concave portion of riverbank; precipice, slope”).[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editты (tɨ̄) n (plural тыӈ)
- overhanging riverbank, slope on a riverbank
References
edit- ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 929
Further reading
edit- Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 312
- Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 379
Komi-Zyrian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *towe. Cognates include Hungarian tó and Tundra Nenets то (to).
Noun
editты • (ty)
Declension
edit| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) |
| II 1 | тыӧс (työs) | тыясӧс (tyjasös) | |
| instrumental | тыӧн (työn) | тыясӧн (tyjasön) | |
| comitative | тыкӧд (tyköd) | тыяскӧд (tyjasköd) | |
| caritive | тытӧг (tytög) | тыястӧг (tyjastög) | |
| consecutive | тыла (tyla) | тыясла (tyjasla) | |
| genitive | тылӧн (tylön) | тыяслӧн (tyjaslön) | |
| ablative | тылысь (tylyś) | тыяслысь (tyjaslyś) | |
| dative | тылы (tyly) | тыяслы (tyjasly) | |
| inessive | тыын (tyyn) | тыясын (tyjasyn) | |
| elative | тыысь (tyyś) | тыясысь (tyjasyś) | |
| illative | тыӧ (työ) | тыясӧ (tyjasö) | |
| egressive | тысянь (tyśań) | тыяссянь (tyjasśań) | |
| approximative | тылань (tylań) | тыяслань (tyjaslań) | |
| terminative | тыӧдз (työdź) | тыясӧдз (tyjasödź) | |
| prolative | I | тыӧд (työd) | тыясӧд (tyjasöd) |
| II | тыті (tyti) | тыясті (tyjasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *täwe. Cognates include Finnish tävy and Hungarian tüdő.
Noun
editты • (ty)
Declension
edit| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) |
| II 1 | тыӧс (työs) | тыясӧс (tyjasös) | |
| instrumental | тыӧн (työn) | тыясӧн (tyjasön) | |
| comitative | тыкӧд (tyköd) | тыяскӧд (tyjasköd) | |
| caritive | тытӧг (tytög) | тыястӧг (tyjastög) | |
| consecutive | тыла (tyla) | тыясла (tyjasla) | |
| genitive | тылӧн (tylön) | тыяслӧн (tyjaslön) | |
| ablative | тылысь (tylyś) | тыяслысь (tyjaslyś) | |
| dative | тылы (tyly) | тыяслы (tyjasly) | |
| inessive | тыын (tyyn) | тыясын (tyjasyn) | |
| elative | тыысь (tyyś) | тыясысь (tyjasyś) | |
| illative | тыӧ (työ) | тыясӧ (tyjasö) | |
| egressive | тысянь (tyśań) | тыяссянь (tyjasśań) | |
| approximative | тылань (tylań) | тыяслань (tyjaslań) | |
| terminative | тыӧдз (työdź) | тыясӧдз (tyjasödź) | |
| prolative | I | тыӧд (työd) | тыясӧд (tyjasöd) |
| II | тыті (tyti) | тыясті (tyjasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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References
edit- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949), Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 7
- L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 667
Mariupol Greek
editEtymology 1
editContraction of аты́ (atý), from Ancient Greek αὐτή (autḗ). Cognates include Greek αυτή (aftí) (contracted τη (ti)).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты • (ty) (emphatic form аты́)
Declension
edit| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| nominative | го (ho) |
сы (sy) |
тос (tos) |
ты (ty) |
то (to) |
мис (mis) |
сыс (sys) |
тын (tyn) |
| oblique | мэ́на (ména) |
сэ́на (séna) |
то́на (tóna) |
ты́на (týna) |
мас (mas) |
сас (sas) |
тынц (tync) | |
| clitic | -ми (-mi) |
-сы (-sy) |
-тун (-tun) |
-тын (-tyn) |
-ту (-tu) |
-мас (-mas) |
-сас (-sas) |
-ц (-c) |
Etymology 2
editFrom Ancient Greek τί (tí). Cognates include Greek τι (ti).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты? • (ty?)
- what?
References
edit- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006), “ты?”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
- G. A. Animica; M. P. Galikbarova (2013), Румеку глоса[2], Donetsk, page 4
Nivkh
edit| Sakhalin dialects | |
|---|---|
| East Sakhalin | ту |
| Amur dialects | |
| Lower Amur | ты |
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editты (tə) (Amur)
Alternative forms
edit- тыдь (təd̦)
Further reading
edit- Č. M. Taksami (1983), Словарь нивхско-русский и русско-нивхский [Nivkh-Russian and Russian-Nivkh Dictionary] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Saint Petersburg: «Просвещение» Ленинградское отделение, published 1996, →ISBN, page 102.
Northern Mansi
editAlternative forms
editтыи (tyi)
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты (ti)
Declension
edit| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты (ty) | тыиг (tyig) | тыит (tyit) |
| dative | тыин (tyin) | тыигын (tyigyn) | тыитын (tyityn) |
| ablative | тыиныл (tyinyl) | тыигныл (tyignyl) | тыитныл (tyitnyl) |
| instrumental | тыил (tyil) | тыигтыл (tyigtyl) | тыитыл (tyityl) |
| translative | тыиг (tyig) | ― | ― |
References
edit- Mansi Dictionary of Munkácsi and Kálmán[3]
Russian
editAlternative forms
edit- Ты (Ty) (religious)
Etymology
editInherited from Old East Slavic тꙑ (ty), from Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты • (ty)
- (familiar) second-person singular, nominative case: you, thou
- 1972 [1955, 1938], Лазарь Лагин [Lazar Lagin], “Беспокойный вечер”, in Старик Хоттабыч [Starik Xottabyč], page 42; English translation based on “A Troubled Evening”, in Faina Solasko, transl., The Old Genie Hottabych, 1960, page 51:
- — А ну, подойди́-ка побли́же, недосто́йная прислу́жница! Мне не нра́вится, как ты отве́тила на приказа́ние моего́ ю́ного дру́га и повели́теля.
- — A nu, podojdí-ka poblíže, nedostójnaja prislúžnica! Mne ne nrávitsja, kak ty otvétila na prikazánije mojevó júnovo drúga i povelítelja.
- “Come near, unworthy servant! I don’t like how thou hast answered to the orders of my young friend and master.”
Usage notes
editThe personal pronoun ты is comparable to French tu, German du, and is used only with family and intimate friends. In classical literature, it is used by superiors to their inferiors, but that usage is no longer tolerated (with the exception of the way adults speak to children, while the children are expected to use вы). For most occasions, the formal вы (vy) should be used instead. For more information, see Appendix:Russian pronouns.
Declension
edit| singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
| m | n | f | |||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
он (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ 1 (oní) |
— | ||
| genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её 4, неё 3 4 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
| dative | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
ему́, нему́ 3 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 3 (jej, nej) |
нам (nam) |
вам (vam) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
| accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 3 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю 5 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 5 (tobój, tobóju) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 3, е́ю 5, не́ю 3 5 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 3 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 5 (sobój, sobóju) | |||
| prepositional 6 | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
нём 3 (njom) |
ней 3 (nej) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
них 3 (nix) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
- Archaic feminine form: оне́ (oné).
- The letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
- The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
- Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
- Instrumental forms ending in -ю (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
- The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
| singular | plural | reflexive | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||
| m | n | f | m / n | f | ||||||||
| nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
онъ (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ (oní) |
онѣ́ (oně́) |
— | ||
| genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
ея̈ 3, нея̈ 2 3 (jejǫ́, nejǫ́) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
| dative | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
ему́, нему́ 2 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 2 (jej, nej) |
намъ (nam) |
вамъ (vam) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
| accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 2 (jejó, nejó) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
| instrumental | мной, мно́ю 4 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 4 (tobój, tobóju) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 2, е́ю 4, не́ю 2 4 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 2 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 4 (sobój, sobóju) | ||||
| prepositional5 | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
нёмъ 2 (njom) |
ней 2 (nej) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
нихъ 2 (nix) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
- Letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
- The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
- Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
- Instrumental forms ending in -ю (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
- The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
Related terms
editTundra Nenets
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Samoyedic *tëə. Cognates with Forest Enets тэ and Tundra Enets тэа.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editты • (ti)
Declension
edit| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты (ti) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | тыˮ (tiq) |
| genitive | тыʼ (tih) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | тыˮ (tiq) |
| accusative | тым (tim°) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | ты (ti) |
| allative | тын (tin°) | тыхыняʼ (tixinyah) | тыхыˮ (tixiq) |
| locative | тыхына (tixina) | тыхыняна (tixinyana) | тыхыˮна (tixiqna) |
| ablative | тыхыд (tixid°) | тыхыняд (tixinyad°) | тыхыт (tixit°) |
| prolative | тывна (tiwna) | тыхынямна (tixinyamna) | тыˮмӑна (tiqmăna) |
References
edit- Pyrerka, A. P.; Tereščenko, N. M. (1948), Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 167
- N. M. Tereschenko (2005), “ты”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
- Irina Nikolaeva (2014), A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 20
Udmurt
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *towe. Cognates include Hungarian tó and Southern Selkup то̄ (tō).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ты (ty) and Komi-Yazva тө (tå).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editты • (ty)
Declension
edit| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ты ty |
тыос tyos |
| accusative | тыэз tyez |
тыосыз tyosyz |
| genitive | тылэн tylen |
тыослэн tyoslen |
| dative | тылы tyly |
тыослы tyosly |
| ablative | тылэсь tyleś |
тыослэсь tyosleś |
| instrumental | тыэн tyen |
тыосын tyosyn |
| abessive | тытэк tytek |
тыостэк tyostek |
| adverbial | тыя tyja |
тыосъя tyosja |
| inessive | тыын tyyn |
тыосын tyosyn |
| illative | тыэ tye |
тыосы tyosy |
| elative | тыысь tyyś |
тыосысь tyosyś |
| egressive | тыысьен tyyśjen |
тыосысьен tyosyśjen |
| terminative | тыозь tyoź |
тыосозь tyosoź |
| prolative | тытӥ tyti |
тыосытӥ tyosyti |
| allative | тылань tylań |
тыослань tyoslań |
|
Synonyms
editDerived terms
edit- тышур (tyšur)
References
edit- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ты”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 666
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 74
- Yrjö Wichmann; Toivo Emil Uotila (1987), Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 260
West Circassian
editPronunciation
editNoun
editты (tə)
Declension
edit| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | — | — |
| nominative | тыр (tər) | тыхэр (təxɛr) |
| ergative | тым (təm) | тыхэмэ (təxɛmɛ) |
| instrumental | ты(м)кӏэ (tə(m)kʼɛ) | тыхэ(м)кӏэ (təxɛ(m)kʼɛ) |
| invertive | тыу (təwu) | тыхыу (təxəwu) |
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian pronouns
- Belarusian personal pronouns
- Belarusian familiar terms
- Carpathian Rusyn terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Carpathian Rusyn terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Carpathian Rusyn terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Carpathian Rusyn lemmas
- Carpathian Rusyn pronouns
- Carpathian Rusyn personal pronouns
- Eastern Mari terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Eastern Mari/ə
- Rhymes:Eastern Mari/ə/1 syllable
- Eastern Mari lemmas
- Eastern Mari pronouns
- Eastern Mari terms with quotations
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- Ket terms inherited from Proto-Ketic
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- Ket nouns
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- Komi-Zyrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Komi-Zyrian terms inherited from Proto-Permic
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- Komi-Zyrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
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- Komi-Zyrian lemmas
- Komi-Zyrian nouns
- kpv:Landforms
- kpv:Water
- kpv:Organs
- Mariupol Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
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- Mariupol Greek lemmas
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- Amur Nivkh
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- Northern Mansi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Northern Mansi/ti
- Rhymes:Northern Mansi/ti/1 syllable
- Northern Mansi lemmas
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- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
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- Rhymes:Russian/ɨ
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- yrk-tun:Reindeers
- Udmurt terms inherited from Proto-Permic
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- Rhymes:Udmurt/ɯ̈
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- udm:Bodies of water
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- West Circassian terms with IPA pronunciation
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- ady:Family members