Wiktionary

рука

See also: рѫка

Belarusian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle Belarusian рука (ruka), from Old East Slavic рѫка (rǫka), from Proto-Slavic *rǫka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ruˈka]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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рука́ • (ruká) f inan (genitive рукі́, nominative plural ру́кі, genitive plural рук)

  1. hand
  2. arm

Declension

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Declension of рука́ (inan velar fem-form accent-f)
singular plural
nominative рука́
ruká 		ру́кі
rúki
genitive рукі́
rukí 		рук
ruk
dative руцэ́
rucé 		рука́м
rukám
accusative руку́
rukú 		ру́кі
rúki
instrumental руко́й, руко́ю
rukój, rukóju 		рука́мі
rukámi
locative руцэ́
rucé 		рука́х
rukáx
count form — рукі́1
rukí1

1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “рука” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Old East Slavic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *rǫkà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ.

Noun

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рука́ (ruká) f

  1. hand

Declension

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Accent paradigm c.

Descendants

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  • Belarusian: рука́ (ruká)
  • Russian: рука́ (ruká)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: рука (ruka)
  • Ukrainian: рука́ (ruká)

Further reading

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  • Zaliznyak, Andrey A. (2019), “рука́”, in Древнерусское ударение: Общие сведения и словарь [Old East Slavic accent: General Information and Dictionary]‎[1] (in Russian), 2nd, expanded and revised edition, Moscow: Publishing House “YASK”, →DOI, →ISBN, page 187

Pannonian Rusyn

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Slovak ruka, from Proto-Slavic *rǫka. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn рука́ (ruká) and Slovak ruka.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈruka]
  • Rhymes: -uka
  • Hyphenation: ру‧ка

Noun

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рука (ruka) f (diminutive ручка, augmentative ручиска, relational adjective ручни)

  1. (anatomy) arm
  2. (anatomy) hand
    Synonyms: длань (dlanʹ), гарсц (harsc)
  3. (in the plural) lap (parts of the legs above the knees)

Usage notes

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  • годзина (hodzina), рука (ruka), and око (oko) are some of the only nouns to (sometimes) have a null genitive plural suffix. For рука (ruka), the null suffix occurs only after prepositions, especially in the phrase з рук до рук (z ruk do ruk, “from hand to hand”).

Declension

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Declension of рука (ruka)
singular plural
nominative рука (ruka) руки (ruki)
genitive руки (ruki) рукох / рук (rukox / ruk)
dative руки (ruki) руком (rukom)
accusative руку (ruku) руки (ruki)
instrumental руку (ruku) руками (rukami)
locative руки (ruki) рукох (rukox)
vocative руко (ruko) руки (ruki)
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adjectives
nouns
verbs

References

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Anagrams

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Russian

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Etymology

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From Old East Slavic рѫка (rǫka), from Proto-Slavic *rǫka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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рука́ • (ruká) f inan (genitive руки́, nominative plural ру́ки, genitive plural рук, relational adjective ручно́й, diminutive ру́чка or ручо́нка, augmentative ручи́ща)

  1. hand
    из рук в ру́ки ― iz ruk v rúki ― from hand to hand
    уме́лые ру́ки ― umélyje rúki ― skilled worker (singular)
    держа́ть кого́-либо за́ руку ― deržátʹ kovó-libo zá ruku ― to hold someone by the hand
    держа́ть себя́ в рука́х ― deržátʹ sebjá v rukáx ― to have control over oneself, to keep oneself in hand, to keep oneself under control
    брать кого́-либо за́ руку ― bratʹ kovó-libo zá ruku ― to take someone by the hand
    вести́ кого́-либо за́ руку ― vestí kovó-libo zá ruku ― to lead someone by the hand
    держа́ть друг дру́га за́ руку ― deržátʹ drug drúga zá ruku ― to hold hands
    здоро́ваться за́ руку с ке́м-либо ― zdoróvatʹsja zá ruku s kém-libo ― to shake hands with someone, to greet by shaking hands with someone
    подава́ть/пода́ть ру́ку ― podavátʹ/podátʹ rúku ― to offer one's hand
    Моя́ рука́ сожмётся. ― Mojá ruká sožmjótsja. ― My hand will be clenched.
    развя́зывать/развяза́ть ру́ки ― razvjázyvatʹ/razvjazátʹ rúki ― to untie/free (someone's) hands
  2. arm

Declension

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Declension of рука́ (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-fʹ) 
singular plural
nominative рука́
ruká 		ру́ки
rúki
genitive руки́
rukí 		ру́к
rúk
dative руке́
ruké 		рука́м
rukám
accusative ру́ку
rúku 		ру́ки
rúki
instrumental руко́й, руко́ю
rukój, rukóju 		рука́ми
rukámi
prepositional руке́
ruké 		рука́х
rukáx
Pre-reform declension of рука́ (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-fʹ) 
singular plural
nominative рука́
ruká 		ру́ки
rúki
genitive руки́
rukí 		ру́къ
rúk
dative рукѣ́
rukě́ 		рука́мъ
rukám
accusative ру́ку
rúku 		ру́ки
rúki
instrumental руко́й, руко́ю
rukój, rukóju 		рука́ми
rukámi
prepositional рукѣ́
rukě́ 		рука́хъ
rukáx

Meronyms

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Holonyms

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Derived terms

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Compounds:

Phrases
Proverbs
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Adjectives with -ру́кий
Adjectives
Adverbs
Nouns
Shorten Nouns
verbs

See also

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References

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “рука”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “рука”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 127

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /rǔːka/
  • Hyphenation: ру‧ка

Noun

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ру́ка f (Latin spelling rúka)

  1. hand

Declension

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Declension of рука
singular plural
nominative ру́ка ру̑ке
genitive ру́ке̄ ру̀кӯ / ру́ка̄
dative ру̑ци ру̀кама
accusative ру̑ку ру̑ке
vocative ру̑ко ру̑ке
locative ру́ци ру̀кама
instrumental ру́ко̄м ру̀кама

Derived terms

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Ukrainian

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Etymology

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From Middle Ukrainian рѫка (ruka), from Old East Slavic рѫка (rǫka), from Proto-Slavic *rǫka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [rʊˈka]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: ру‧ка

Noun

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рука́ • (ruká) f inan (genitive руки́, nominative plural ру́ки, genitive plural рук, diminutive руча́ or ру́чка)

  1. (anatomy) hand
  2. (anatomy) arm
  3. (writing) hand, handwriting
  4. (informal, colloquial) the culprit of a theft, the person who stole something (used with a possessive pronoun to indicate the thief)
    його́ рука́ ― johó ruká ― he is the thief; he stole it

Declension

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Declension of рука́
(inan hard fem-form accent-f')
singular plural
nominative рука́
ruká 		ру́ки
rúky
genitive руки́
ruký 		рук
ruk
dative руці́
rucí 		рука́м
rukám
accusative ру́ку
rúku 		ру́ки
rúky
instrumental руко́ю
rukóju 		рука́ми
rukámy
locative руці́
rucí 		рука́х
rukáx
vocative ру́ко
rúko 		ру́ки
rúky

Derived terms

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Idioms

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Further reading

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