осмь

Old Church Slavonic

Old Church Slavonic numbers ^(edit)

	80
←  7	и҃ 8	9  →
Cardinal: осмь (osmĭ)     Ordinal: осмъ (osmŭ)     Adverbial: осмь кратъ (osmĭ kratŭ)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osmь

Numeral

осмь • (osmĭ)

1. eight

Usage notes

The numbers единъ (edinŭ), дъва (dŭva), триѥ (trije), четꙑре (četyre) work as adjectives and must thus be in the same case and number as the word they are attached to, even if it's another number (as an example, съто (sŭto) means hundred, whereas дъвѣ сътѣ (dŭvě sŭtě) means two hundred, with сътѣ (sŭtě) being the dual form). All other numbers, instead, behave as substantives and are followed by the genitive plural: as an example, пѧть сътъ (pętĭ sŭtŭ, “five hundred”) uses сътъ (sŭtŭ), the genitive plural of съто (sŭto).

Declension

Declension of осмь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	осмь osmĭ	— —	— —
genitive	осми osmi	— —	— —
dative	осми osmi	— —	— —
accusative	осмь osmĭ	— —	— —
instrumental	осмьмь osmĭmĭ	— —	— —
locative	осми osmi	— —	— —
vocative	осми osmi	— —	— —

Coordinate terms

Old Church Slavonic cardinal numbers from 1 to 90

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	—	единъ (edinŭ), едьнъ (edĭnŭ), ѥдьнъ (jedĭnŭ), ѥдинъ (jedinŭ)	дъва (dŭva)	трьѥ (trĭje), триѥ (trije)	четꙑре (četyre)	пѧть (pętĭ)	шесть (šestĭ)	седмь (sedmĭ)	осмь (osmĭ)	девѧть (devętĭ)
10—	десѧть (desętĭ)	ѥдинъ на десѧте (jedinŭ na desęte)	дъва на десѧте (dŭva na desęte)	трьѥ на десѧте (trĭje na desęte)	четꙑре на десѧте (četyre na desęte)	пѧть на десѧте (pętĭ na desęte)	шесть на десѧте (šestĭ na desęte)	седмь на десѧте (sedmĭ na desęte)	осмь на десѧте (osmĭ na desęte)	девѧть на десѧте (devętĭ na desęte)
20—	дъва десѧти (dŭva desęti)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	дъва десѧти и осмь (dŭva desęti i osmĭ)	—
30—	трьѥ десѧте (trĭje desęte), триѥ десѧте (trije desęte)	—	—	—	—	—	три десѧти и шесть (tri desęti i šestĭ)	—	три десѧти и осмь (tri desęti i osmĭ)	—
40—	четꙑре десѧте (četyre desęte)	—	—	—	—	—	четꙑре десѧти и шесть (četyre desęti i šestĭ)	—	—	—
50—	пѧть десѧтъ (pętĭ desętŭ)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
60—	шесть десѧтъ (šestĭ desętŭ)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
70—	седмь десѧтъ (sedmĭ desętŭ)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
80—	осмь десѧтъ (osmĭ desętŭ)	—	—	—	осмь десѧтъ и четꙑре (osmĭ desętŭ i četyre)	—	—	—	—	—
90—	девѧть десѧтъ (devętĭ desętŭ)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Old East Slavic

Old East Slavic numbers ^(edit)

←  7	и҃ 8	9  →
Cardinal: осмь (osmĭ)     Ordinal: осмъ (osmŭ)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśtṓni, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔsmɪ/→/ˈɔsmʲɪ/→/ˈɔːsmʲ/

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈɔsmɪ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈɔsmʲɪ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈɔːsmʲ/

Numeral

осмь (osmĭ)

1. eight (8)

   Synonym: ·и҃· (8)

   • XI—XIII centuries, History of Judean war:

     кесарьствовавъ, лѣтъ, трѝ на десѧте, и ѡсмь м(с̑)ць. и два̀десѧть дн҃їи.

     kesarĭstvovavŭ, lětŭ, trì na desęte, i osmĭ m(ŝ)cĭ. i dvàdesętĭ dn:ii.

     reigning for thirty years and eight months and twenty days.

Declension

Declension of осмь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	осмь osmĭ	— —	— —
genitive	осми osmi	— —	— —
dative	осми osmi	— —	— —
accusative	осмь osmĭ	— —	— —
instrumental	осмиѭ osmijǫ	— —	— —
locative	осми osmi	— —	— —
vocative	осми osmi	— —	— —

Descendants

• Old Ruthenian: о́смъ (ósm), о́сьмъ (ósʹm), о́семъ (ósem), во́семъ (vósem), во́симъ (vósim), ву́симъ (vúsim), вю́сюмъ (vǘsüm)
  • Belarusian: во́сем (vósjem); во́сім (vósim) (dialectal)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: ву́сям (vúsjam)
  • Ukrainian: ві́сім (vísim); ви́сїм (výsjim) (dialectal)
• Middle Russian: осмь (osmʹ), восмь (vosmʹ), восьмь (vosʹmʹ), восемь (vosemʹ)
  • Russian: во́семь (vósemʹ)

References

• Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2019), “Drevnerusskoje udarenije: Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ.”, in Languages of Slavic Culture‎^[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 651: “осмь ― osmʹ”

Old Novgorodian

Old Novgorodian numbers ^(edit)

	80
←  7	8	9  → [a], [b]
Cardinal: осмь (osmĭ)     Ordinal: осме (osme)

Alternative forms

• осьмь (osĭmĭ)

Etymology

First attested in c. 1160‒1180. Inherited from Proto-Slavic *òsmь, from early *ástmi, displaced the earlier *astā́, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśtṓ, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”). Cognate with Old East Slavic осмь (osmĭ), Old Ruthenian о́смъ (ósm), Old Church Slavonic осмь / ⱁⱄⰿⱐ (osmĭ), Old Polish ośm, Old Czech osm, Old Slovak osem.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: осмь

Numeral

осмь • (osmĭ)

1. eight (8)

Declension

Declension of осмь (i-stem)

	singular
nominative	осмь osmĭ
genitive	осми osmi
dative	осми osmi
accusative	осмь osmĭ
instrumental	осмьѭ osmĭjǫ
locative	осми osmi

Early Old Novgorodian declension (until c. 1225) prior to the vocalization and loss of yers.

Related terms

• осме (osme)
• осмина (osmina)
• осмь да дъва десѧте (osmĭ da dŭva desęte)
• осмь десѧтъ (osmĭ desętŭ)
• осмь на десѧте (osmĭ na desęte)
• осмь сътъ (osmĭ sŭtŭ)

Further reading

• “осмь”, in Birchbark Letters Corpus, 2003–2026