Wiktionary

ketchup

See also: Ketchup and kétchup

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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A bottle of tomato ketchup.
 
A bottle of mushroom ketchup.

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Uncertain, but probably ultimately from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”) via Malay kecap ~ kicap “any dark clear sauce from soy, fish etc”, though the precise path is unclear – there are related words in various Chinese languages. Various other theories exist – see Ketchup: Etymology for extended discussion.

First appeared in English in the late 17th century in reference to a Southeast Asian sauce encountered by British traders and sailors. The Oxford English Dictionary notes that it was commonly used in the 18th century to refer to a variety of similar sauces with varying ingredients—"anchovies, mushrooms, walnuts, and oysters being particularly popular"—but by the late 19th century the current tomato ketchup became the most popular form.[1]

Catsup (earlier catchup) is an alternative Anglicization, still in use in the U.S., though it is now somewhat rare.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup (countable and uncountable, plural ketchups)

  1. (uncountable, chiefly US, Canada, UK) Ellipsis of tomato ketchup (“a tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners”).
    Synonym: tomato catsup
    Hypernyms: tomato sauce, red ketchup, red catsup
    tomato ketchup
    This diner serves ketchup in red bottles, and mustard in yellow ones.
  2. (countable, now rare) Such a sauce more generally (not necessarily based on tomatoes, but with mushrooms, fish, etc.). This is the older meaning.
    Hyponyms: tomato ketchup, tomato catsup, fruit ketchup, fruit catsup, corn ketchup, corn catsup, green ketchup, green catsup, yellow ketchup, yellow catsup
    • 1883, Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery, page lxxxiii:
      The bottles, however, were port bottles, but contained mushroom ketchup; […]
    • 2003, Inns and Bed and Breakfasts in Quebec 2003, Ulysses Travel Guides, page 46:
      To accompany meat, we prepare fruit ketchups and rhubarb chutney.

Usage notes

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The spelling ketchup became significantly preferred in the United States due to the popularity of the Heinz brand, which shortly after its introduction in 1876 switched from catsup to this spelling to distinguish itself from competitors. Other major brands, such as Hunt, subsequently followed, with Del Monte only switching to ketchup in 1988.[2]

This condiment is more commonly and somewhat ambiguously called tomato sauce outside of North America and the United Kingdom. In South Africa, the word ketchup is not generally understood.

Hypernyms

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Coordinate terms

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common Chinese condiment sauces
condiments commonly paired with tomato ketchup

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Descendants

Translations

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Verb

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ketchup (third-person singular simple present ketchups, present participle ketchupping, simple past and past participle ketchupped)

  1. (transitive) To cover with ketchup.
    • 1867, John Maddison Morton, Aunt Charlotte's maid: a farce in one act:
      It strikes me she's "ketchupped" the lot! I won't touch a morsel!
    • 1973, Horizon, page 15:
      "Well," said Chuck, ketchupping his hamburger, "I'd rather do without King Lear than put up with the human agony it sprang out of. I'd rather not have the Eroica than have the big bloody conqueror it tries to immortalize."
    • 2009, David Silverman, Twinkle, page 4:
      Their fellow diners, like their ketchupped grub, were appropriately dashed and splattered with paint and plaster, reading their Suns and Daily Mirror.

References

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  1. ^ "Ketchup", Oxford English Dictionary (online edition, 2020).
  2. ^ “Is There a Difference Between Ketchup and Catsup?”, Slate, Aisha Harris, April 22, 2013

Danish

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Etymology

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Via English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup c (singular definite ketchuppen, plural indefinite ketchupper)

  1. (uncountable) ketchup (a tomate sauce with vinegar)
  2. (countable) ketchup (a particular brand or type of ketchup)

Declension

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Declension of ketchup
common
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ketchup ketchuppen ketchupper ketchupperne
genitive ketchups ketchuppens ketchuppers ketchuppernes

See also

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References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap). Doublet of ketjap.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup m (plural ketchups, diminutive ketchupje n)

  1. ketchup
    Synonym: tomatenketchup

Derived terms

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup m (plural ketchups)

  1. ketchup

Further reading

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Hungarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈkɛt͡ʃøp], [ˈkɛt͡ʃɒp]
  • Hyphenation: ke‧tchup
  • Rhymes: -øp, -ɒp

Noun

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ketchup (plural ketchupök or ketchupok)

  1. ketchup (tomato-vinegar-based sauce)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -ö-, front rounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ketchup ketchupök
accusative ketchupöt ketchupöket
dative ketchupnek ketchupöknek
instrumental ketchuppel ketchupökkel
causal-final ketchupért ketchupökért
translative ketchuppé ketchupökké
terminative ketchupig ketchupökig
essive-formal ketchupként ketchupökként
essive-modal — —
inessive ketchupben ketchupökben
superessive ketchupön ketchupökön
adessive ketchupnél ketchupöknél
illative ketchupbe ketchupökbe
sublative ketchupre ketchupökre
allative ketchuphöz ketchupökhöz
elative ketchupből ketchupökből
delative ketchupről ketchupökről
ablative ketchuptől ketchupöktől
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		ketchupé ketchupöké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		ketchupéi ketchupökéi
Possessive forms of ketchup
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ketchupöm ketchupjeim
2nd person sing. ketchupöd ketchupjeid
3rd person sing. ketchupje ketchupjei
1st person plural ketchupünk ketchupjeink
2nd person plural ketchupötök ketchupjeitek
3rd person plural ketchupjük ketchupjeik

or

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative ketchup ketchupok
accusative ketchupot ketchupokat
dative ketchupnak ketchupoknak
instrumental ketchuppal ketchupokkal
causal-final ketchupért ketchupokért
translative ketchuppá ketchupokká
terminative ketchupig ketchupokig
essive-formal ketchupként ketchupokként
essive-modal — —
inessive ketchupban ketchupokban
superessive ketchupon ketchupokon
adessive ketchupnál ketchupoknál
illative ketchupba ketchupokba
sublative ketchupra ketchupokra
allative ketchuphoz ketchupokhoz
elative ketchupból ketchupokból
delative ketchupról ketchupokról
ablative ketchuptól ketchupoktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		ketchupé ketchupoké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		ketchupéi ketchupokéi
Possessive forms of ketchup
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ketchupom ketchupjaim
2nd person sing. ketchupod ketchupjaid
3rd person sing. ketchupja ketchupjai
1st person plural ketchupunk ketchupjaink
2nd person plural ketchupotok ketchupjaitok
3rd person plural ketchupjuk ketchupjaik

Further reading

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  • ketchup and (with subscription) ketchup  in Ferenc Pusztai, editor, Magyar értelmező kéziszótár [A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÉKsz.2), 2nd, expanded and revised edition, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003 (online searchable version under development).

Italian

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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    Borrowed from English ketchup.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    ketchup m (invariable)

    1. ketchup

    Polish

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    ketchup m inan

    1. alternative spelling of keczup

    Declension

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    Declension of ketchup
    singular plural
    nominative ketchup ketchupy
    genitive ketchupu ketchupów
    dative ketchupowi ketchupom
    accusative ketchup ketchupy
    instrumental ketchupem ketchupami
    locative ketchupie ketchupach
    vocative ketchupie ketchupy

    Further reading

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    • “ketchup”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • “ketchup”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[2] (in Polish)

    Portuguese

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    ketchup m (plural ketchups)

    1. (uncountable) ketchup (tomato-vinegar based sauce)
      • 2012, Daniel Galera, Barba ensopada de sangue, Editora Companhia das Letras, →ISBN, page 205:
        Ela passava as tardes livres da infância vendo a Sessão da Tarde na televisão e comendo nuggets com ketchup.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

    Further reading

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    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup.

    Noun

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    ketchup n (uncountable)

    1. ketchup

    Declension

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    singular only indefinite definite
    nominative-accusative ketchup ketchupul
    genitive-dative ketchup ketchupului
    vocative ketchupule

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Noun

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    ketchup m inan (Cyrillic spelling кетцхуп)

    1. alternative spelling of kečap

    Spanish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    ketchup m (plural ketchups)

    1. ketchup

    Usage notes

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    According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

    Further reading

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    • Seco, Manuel; Andrés, Olimpia; Ramos, Gabino (2023), “ketchup”, in Diccionario del español actual (in Spanish), third digital edition, Fundación BBVA

    Swedish

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    Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia sv
     
    ketchup på köttbullar (“meatballs”) och makaroner (“(elbow) macaroni”)
     
    ketchup på pyttipanna

    Etymology

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    From English ketchup.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    ketchup c

    1. ketchup
      senap och ketchup
      ketchup and mustard ["senap och ketchup" feels more idiomatic than "mustard and ketchup" does in English, for some reason]

    Usage notes

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    Popular and uncontroversial pasta condiment in Sweden.

    Declension

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    Declension of ketchup
    nominative genitive
    singular indefinite ketchup ketchups
    definite ketchupen ketchupens
    plural indefinite — —
    definite — —

    Derived terms

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    See also

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    References

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    West Frisian

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    Etymology

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    From English ketchup.

    Noun

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    ketchup c (no plural)

    1. ketchup
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ketchup&oldid=90860624"