doba

See also: dobā, dobă, and dobą

Atong (India)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

doba

1. mud

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech doba, from Proto-Slavic *doba (“time”) probably comes from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“appropriate”), which is also connected with Lithuanian dabà (“nature, character”) and dabar̃ (“now”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gadaban, “be appropriate”), so it is possible that originally it meant "appropriate time" which later changed just into "time".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdoba]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oba
• Hyphenation: do‧ba

Noun

doba f

1. age (particular period of time in history)

   napřed své doby ― ahead of one's time

2. time, period

   po nějaké době ― after a while

   Za celou dobu jsem nikdy nic neprodala! ― I never sold anything the whole time I was there.

3. (music) beat

Declension

Declension of doba (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	doba	doby
genitive	doby	dob
dative	době	dobám
accusative	dobu	doby
vocative	dobo	doby
locative	době	dobách
instrumental	dobou	dobami

Derived terms

adjectives

• dlouhodobý
• dobový
• krátkodobý

nouns

• doba bronzová
• doba kamenná
• doba ledová
• období
• zdoba
• zkušební doba

Further reading

• “doba”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “doba”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “doba”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Galician

Verb

doba

1. inflection of dobar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Kashubian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-eh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabāˀ

Proto-Slavic *doba

Kashubian doba

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *doba (“time”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɔ.ba/
• Rhymes: -ɔba
• Syllabification: do‧ba

Noun

doba f

1. day (full 24 hours), nychthemeron

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1993) [1893], “doba”, in Jerzy Trepczyk, editor, Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), 3 edition
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “doba”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]
• “doba”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂obʰ-eh₂, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to model, to fashion, to fit”). Cognate with Latvian daba (“nature, habit, character”), Lithuanian dabà (“nature, habit, character”), Proto-Germanic *dabaną (“to occur, fit”), Proto-Slavic *doba.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdɔba]
• Hyphenation: do‧ba

Noun

doba f (diminutive dobeņa)

1. nature, character

   cilvāka doba ― human nature

   dobas bogõteibas ― natural resources

Declension

Declension of doba (type 4 noun)

	singular	plural
nominative	doba	dobys, dobas1)
genitive	dobys, dobas1)	dobu
dative	dobai	dobom
accusative	dobu	dobys, dobas1)
instrumental	dobu	dobom
locative	dobā	dobuos
vocative	doba, dob	dobys, dobas1)

¹⁾ dialectal

Latvian

Adjective

doba

1. inflection of dobs:
   1. genitive masculine singular
   2. nominative feminine singular

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-eh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabāˀ

Proto-Slavic *doba

Polish doba

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *doba.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɔ.ba/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔba
• Syllabification: do‧ba
• Homophone: Doba

Noun

doba f (related adjective dobowy)

1. day (full 24 hours), nychthemeron
2. age, era, period

Declension

Declension of doba

	singular	plural
nominative	doba	doby
genitive	doby	dób
dative	dobie	dobom
accusative	dobę	doby
instrumental	dobą	dobami
locative	dobie	dobach
vocative	dobo	doby

Related terms

adverbs

• dobowo

Further reading

• “doba”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “doba”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[3] (in Polish)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *doba (“time”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dôːba/
• Hyphenation: do‧ba

Noun

dȏba n (Cyrillic spelling до̑ба)

1. time
2. age, epoch, era

   U doba dinosaura nije bilo puno sisavaca. ― In the age of dinosaurs, there weren't many mammals.

3. season (division of the year in regards to weather)

   Zima je najhladnije godišnje doba. ― Winter is the coldest season.

Declension

Declension of doba

	singular	plural
nominative	doba	doba
genitive	doba	doba
dative	dobu	dobima
accusative	doba	doba
vocative	doba	doba
locative	dobu	dobima
instrumental	dobom	dobima

See also

• čas
• dob
• godišnja doba
• godišnje doba
• ledeno doba
• kameno doba

Further reading

• “doba”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
• “doba”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Slovene

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *doba.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɔ̀ːba/

Noun

dóba f

1. period
2. age

   ledena doba - ice age

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	dôba
gen. sing.	dôbe
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	dôba	dôbi	dôbe
genitive (rodȋlnik)	dôbe	dôb	dôb
dative (dajȃlnik)	dôbi	dôbama	dôbam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	dôbo	dôbi	dôbe
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	dôbi	dôbah	dôbah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	dôbo	dôbama	dôbami

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

dóba

1. inflection of dọ̑b:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative dual

Further reading

• “doba”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “doba”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Venda

Verb

doba

1. to pick up

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dóba (“to fish”). The expected reflex is loba, but this can be explained as analogy with udobo/izindobo.

Verb

-dôba

1. to fish

Inflection

tone HH (infinitive ukudoba)

	positive	negative
infinitive	ukudoba	ukungadobi
imperative
	simple	+ object concord
singular	doba	-dobe
plural	dobani	-dobeni
present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyadoba, ngidoba	engidobayo, engidoba	ngidoba	angidobi	engingadobi	ngingadobi
2nd singular	uyadoba, udoba	odobayo, odoba	udoba	awudobi	ongadobi	ungadobi
1st plural	siyadoba, sidoba	esidobayo, esidoba	sidoba	asidobi	esingadobi	singadobi
2nd plural	niyadoba, nidoba	enidobayo, enidoba	nidoba	anidobi	eningadobi	ningadobi
class 1	uyadoba, udoba	odobayo, odoba	edoba	akadobi	ongadobi	engadobi
class 2	bayadoba, badoba	abadobayo, abadoba	bedoba	abadobi	abangadobi	bengadobi
class 3	uyadoba, udoba	odobayo, odoba	udoba	awudobi	ongadobi	ungadobi
class 4	iyadoba, idoba	edobayo, edoba	idoba	ayidobi	engadobi	ingadobi
class 5	liyadoba, lidoba	elidobayo, elidoba	lidoba	alidobi	elingadobi	lingadobi
class 6	ayadoba, adoba	adobayo, adoba	edoba	awadobi	angadobi	engadobi
class 7	siyadoba, sidoba	esidobayo, esidoba	sidoba	asidobi	esingadobi	singadobi
class 8	ziyadoba, zidoba	ezidobayo, ezidoba	zidoba	azidobi	ezingadobi	zingadobi
class 9	iyadoba, idoba	edobayo, edoba	idoba	ayidobi	engadobi	ingadobi
class 10	ziyadoba, zidoba	ezidobayo, ezidoba	zidoba	azidobi	ezingadobi	zingadobi
class 11	luyadoba, ludoba	oludobayo, oludoba	ludoba	aludobi	olungadobi	lungadobi
class 14	buyadoba, budoba	obudobayo, obudoba	budoba	abudobi	obungadobi	bungadobi
class 15	kuyadoba, kudoba	okudobayo, okudoba	kudoba	akudobi	okungadobi	kungadobi
class 17	kuyadoba, kudoba	okudobayo, okudoba	kudoba	akudobi	okungadobi	kungadobi
recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngidobile, ngidobē	engidobile, engidobē	ngidobile, ngidobē	angidobanga	engingadobanga	ngingadobanga
2nd singular	udobile, udobē	odobile, odobē	udobile, udobē	awudobanga	ongadobanga	ungadobanga
1st plural	sidobile, sidobē	esidobile, esidobē	sidobile, sidobē	asidobanga	esingadobanga	singadobanga
2nd plural	nidobile, nidobē	enidobile, enidobē	nidobile, nidobē	anidobanga	eningadobanga	ningadobanga
class 1	udobile, udobē	odobile, odobē	edobile, edobē	akadobanga	ongadobanga	engadobanga
class 2	badobile, badobē	abadobile, abadobē	bedobile, bedobē	abadobanga	abangadobanga	bengadobanga
class 3	udobile, udobē	odobile, odobē	udobile, udobē	awudobanga	ongadobanga	ungadobanga
class 4	idobile, idobē	edobile, edobē	idobile, idobē	ayidobanga	engadobanga	ingadobanga
class 5	lidobile, lidobē	elidobile, elidobē	lidobile, lidobē	alidobanga	elingadobanga	lingadobanga
class 6	adobile, adobē	adobile, adobē	edobile, edobē	awadobanga	angadobanga	engadobanga
class 7	sidobile, sidobē	esidobile, esidobē	sidobile, sidobē	asidobanga	esingadobanga	singadobanga
class 8	zidobile, zidobē	ezidobile, ezidobē	zidobile, zidobē	azidobanga	ezingadobanga	zingadobanga
class 9	idobile, idobē	edobile, edobē	idobile, idobē	ayidobanga	engadobanga	ingadobanga
class 10	zidobile, zidobē	ezidobile, ezidobē	zidobile, zidobē	azidobanga	ezingadobanga	zingadobanga
class 11	ludobile, ludobē	oludobile, oludobē	ludobile, ludobē	aludobanga	olungadobanga	lungadobanga
class 14	budobile, budobē	obudobile, obudobē	budobile, budobē	abudobanga	obungadobanga	bungadobanga
class 15	kudobile, kudobē	okudobile, okudobē	kudobile, kudobē	akudobanga	okungadobanga	kungadobanga
class 17	kudobile, kudobē	okudobile, okudobē	kudobile, kudobē	akudobanga	okungadobanga	kungadobanga
remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngādoba	engādoba	ngādoba	angidobanga	engingadobanga	ngingadobanga
2nd singular	wādoba	owādoba	wādoba	awudobanga	ongadobanga	ungadobanga
1st plural	sādoba	esādoba	sādoba	asidobanga	esingadobanga	singadobanga
2nd plural	nādoba	enādoba	nādoba	anidobanga	eningadobanga	ningadobanga
class 1	wādoba	owādoba	ādoba	akadobanga	ongadobanga	engadobanga
class 2	bādoba	abādoba	bādoba	abadobanga	abangadobanga	bengadobanga
class 3	wādoba	owādoba	wādoba	awudobanga	ongadobanga	ungadobanga
class 4	yādoba	eyādoba	yādoba	ayidobanga	engadobanga	ingadobanga
class 5	lādoba	elādoba	lādoba	alidobanga	elingadobanga	lingadobanga
class 6	ādoba	ādoba	ādoba	awadobanga	angadobanga	engadobanga
class 7	sādoba	esādoba	sādoba	asidobanga	esingadobanga	singadobanga
class 8	zādoba	ezādoba	zādoba	azidobanga	ezingadobanga	zingadobanga
class 9	yādoba	eyādoba	yādoba	ayidobanga	engadobanga	ingadobanga
class 10	zādoba	ezādoba	zādoba	azidobanga	ezingadobanga	zingadobanga
class 11	lwādoba	olwādoba	lwādoba	aludobanga	olungadobanga	lungadobanga
class 14	bādoba	obādoba	bādoba	abudobanga	obungadobanga	bungadobanga
class 15	kwādoba	okwādoba	kwādoba	akudobanga	okungadobanga	kungadobanga
class 17	kwādoba	okwādoba	kwādoba	akudobanga	okungadobanga	kungadobanga
potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingadoba	—	ngingadoba	ngingedobe	—	ngingedobe
2nd singular	ungadoba	—	ungadoba	ungedobe	—	ungedobe
1st plural	singadoba	—	singadoba	singedobe	—	singedobe
2nd plural	ningadoba	—	ningadoba	ningedobe	—	ningedobe
class 1	angadoba	—	engadoba	angedobe	—	engedobe
class 2	bangadoba	—	bengadoba	bangedobe	—	bengedobe
class 3	ungadoba	—	ungadoba	ungedobe	—	ungedobe
class 4	ingadoba	—	ingadoba	ingedobe	—	ingedobe
class 5	lingadoba	—	lingadoba	lingedobe	—	lingedobe
class 6	angadoba	—	engadoba	angedobe	—	engedobe
class 7	singadoba	—	singadoba	singedobe	—	singedobe
class 8	zingadoba	—	zingadoba	zingedobe	—	zingedobe
class 9	ingadoba	—	ingadoba	ingedobe	—	ingedobe
class 10	zingadoba	—	zingadoba	zingedobe	—	zingedobe
class 11	lungadoba	—	lungadoba	lungedobe	—	lungedobe
class 14	bungadoba	—	bungadoba	bungedobe	—	bungedobe
class 15	kungadoba	—	kungadoba	kungedobe	—	kungedobe
class 17	kungadoba	—	kungadoba	kungedobe	—	kungedobe
immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizodoba	engizodoba	ngizodoba	angizudoba	engingezudoba	ngingezudoba
2nd singular	uzodoba	ozodoba	uzodoba	awuzudoba	ongezudoba	ungezudoba
1st plural	sizodoba	esizodoba	sizodoba	asizudoba	esingezudoba	singezudoba
2nd plural	nizodoba	enizodoba	nizodoba	anizudoba	eningezudoba	ningezudoba
class 1	uzodoba	ozodoba	ezodoba	akazudoba	ongezudoba	engezudoba
class 2	bazodoba	abazodoba	bezodoba	abazudoba	abangezudoba	bengezudoba
class 3	uzodoba	ozodoba	uzodoba	awuzudoba	ongezudoba	ungezudoba
class 4	izodoba	ezodoba	izodoba	ayizudoba	engezudoba	ingezudoba
class 5	lizodoba	elizodoba	lizodoba	alizudoba	elingezudoba	lingezudoba
class 6	azodoba	azodoba	ezodoba	awazudoba	angezudoba	engezudoba
class 7	sizodoba	esizodoba	sizodoba	asizudoba	esingezudoba	singezudoba
class 8	zizodoba	ezizodoba	zizodoba	azizudoba	ezingezudoba	zingezudoba
class 9	izodoba	ezodoba	izodoba	ayizudoba	engezudoba	ingezudoba
class 10	zizodoba	ezizodoba	zizodoba	azizudoba	ezingezudoba	zingezudoba
class 11	luzodoba	oluzodoba	luzodoba	aluzudoba	olungezudoba	lungezudoba
class 14	buzodoba	obuzodoba	buzodoba	abuzudoba	obungezudoba	bungezudoba
class 15	kuzodoba	okuzodoba	kuzodoba	akuzudoba	okungezudoba	kungezudoba
class 17	kuzodoba	okuzodoba	kuzodoba	akuzudoba	okungezudoba	kungezudoba
remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyodoba	engiyodoba	ngiyodoba	angiyudoba	engingeyudoba	ngingeyudoba
2nd singular	uyodoba	oyodoba	uyodoba	awuyudoba	ongeyudoba	ungeyudoba
1st plural	siyodoba	esiyodoba	siyodoba	asiyudoba	esingeyudoba	singeyudoba
2nd plural	niyodoba	eniyodoba	niyodoba	aniyudoba	eningeyudoba	ningeyudoba
class 1	uyodoba	oyodoba	eyodoba	akayudoba	ongeyudoba	engeyudoba
class 2	bayodoba	abayodoba	beyodoba	abayudoba	abangeyudoba	bengeyudoba
class 3	uyodoba	oyodoba	uyodoba	awuyudoba	ongeyudoba	ungeyudoba
class 4	iyodoba	eyodoba	iyodoba	ayiyudoba	engeyudoba	ingeyudoba
class 5	liyodoba	eliyodoba	liyodoba	aliyudoba	elingeyudoba	lingeyudoba
class 6	ayodoba	ayodoba	eyodoba	awayudoba	angeyudoba	engeyudoba
class 7	siyodoba	esiyodoba	siyodoba	asiyudoba	esingeyudoba	singeyudoba
class 8	ziyodoba	eziyodoba	ziyodoba	aziyudoba	ezingeyudoba	zingeyudoba
class 9	iyodoba	eyodoba	iyodoba	ayiyudoba	engeyudoba	ingeyudoba
class 10	ziyodoba	eziyodoba	ziyodoba	aziyudoba	ezingeyudoba	zingeyudoba
class 11	luyodoba	oluyodoba	luyodoba	aluyudoba	olungeyudoba	lungeyudoba
class 14	buyodoba	obuyodoba	buyodoba	abuyudoba	obungeyudoba	bungeyudoba
class 15	kuyodoba	okuyodoba	kuyodoba	akuyudoba	okungeyudoba	kungeyudoba
class 17	kuyodoba	okuyodoba	kuyodoba	akuyudoba	okungeyudoba	kungeyudoba
present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngidobe	ngingadobi
2nd singular	udobe	ungadobi
1st plural	sidobe	singadobi
2nd plural	nidobe	ningadobi
class 1	adobe	angadobi
class 2	badobe	bangadobi
class 3	udobe	ungadobi
class 4	idobe	ingadobi
class 5	lidobe	lingadobi
class 6	adobe	angadobi
class 7	sidobe	singadobi
class 8	zidobe	zingadobi
class 9	idobe	ingadobi
class 10	zidobe	zingadobi
class 11	ludobe	lungadobi
class 14	budobe	bungadobi
class 15	kudobe	kungadobi
class 17	kudobe	kungadobi
past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngadoba	ngangadoba, angadoba, angangadoba
2nd singular	wadoba	wangadoba, awadoba, awangadoba
1st plural	sadoba	sangadoba, asadoba, asangadoba
2nd plural	nadoba	nangadoba, anadoba, anangadoba
class 1	wadoba	wangadoba, akadoba, akangadoba
class 2	badoba	bangadoba, abadoba, abangadoba
class 3	wadoba	wangadoba, awadoba, awangadoba
class 4	yadoba	yangadoba, ayadoba, ayangadoba
class 5	ladoba	langadoba, aladoba, alangadoba
class 6	adoba	angadoba, awadoba, awangadoba
class 7	sadoba	sangadoba, asadoba, asangadoba
class 8	zadoba	zangadoba, azadoba, azangadoba
class 9	yadoba	yangadoba, ayadoba, ayangadoba
class 10	zadoba	zangadoba, azadoba, azangadoba
class 11	lwadoba	lwangadoba, alwadoba, alwangadoba
class 14	badoba	bangadoba, abadoba, abangadoba
class 15	kwadoba	kwangadoba, akwadoba, akwangadoba
class 17	kwadoba	kwangadoba, akwadoba, akwangadoba

Derived terms

• udobo

Related terms

• -loba

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “doɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “doɓa (6-3.9)”