Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*čь̀rnъ pъtákъ (sense 1)

*čь̀rnъ lȋstъ (sense 2)

*čь̀rnъ čelověkъ (sense 3)

Etymology

From earlier *čirxnu < *kiršnu, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kiršnas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”). Cognates include Lithuanian kir̃snas (“black (about a horse)”), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇá, “black; dark”), Persian کرسنه (“dirty”).

Adjective

*čь̀rnъ

2. black (the darkest color)

   čь̀rnъ:  

   Antonym: *bě̃lъ

4. dark (color close to black)

   Synonym: *tьmь̀nъ

   Antonyms: *ě̀snъ, *světьlъ, *jarъkъ, *bě̃lъ

   *čь̀rna àgoda ― whortleberry, Vaccinium myrtillus

   *čь̀rna vodà ― deep water

   *čь̀rnъ lě̑sъ ― black, deep forest

   *čь̀rna gorà ― dark mountain, hill

   *čь̀rna nòťь ― dark night

   *čь̀rnъ xlě̀bъ ― wholemeal bread

   *čь̀rna jьstъbà ― dark room with a hearth

6. dirty

   Synonym: *brudьnъ

   Antonyms: *čìstъ, *bě̃lъ

7. → (figuratively) bad, evil

   Synonym: *zъlъ

   Antonyms: *dòbrъ, *bě̃lъ

   *čь̀rnъ bȍgъ ― bad luck

8. → (figuratively) sad
9. → (figuratively) unfortunate, unhappy

   Synonym: *nesъčęstьlivъ

   Antonym: *sъčęstьlivъ

   *čь̀rnъ dь̏nь ― unlucky day

   *čь̀rna bolestь ― severe illness, epilepsy

   *čь̀rna nemoťь ― severe illness, epilepsy

   *čь̀rna sъmьrtь ― severe infectious disease

Declension

Indefinite declension of *čьrnъ (hard, accent paradigm b)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čьrnъ	*čьrna	*čьrno
genitive	*čьrna	*čьrny	*čьrna
dative	*čьrnu	*čьrně	*čьrnu
accusative	*čьrnъ	*čьrnǫ	*čьrno
instrumental	*čьrnomь	*čьrnojǫ	*čьrnomь
locative	*čьrně	*čьrně	*čьrně
vocative	*čьrne	*čьrno	*čьrno
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čьrna	*čьrně	*čьrně
genitive	*čьrnu	*čьrnu	*čьrnu
dative	*čьrnoma	*čьrnama	*čьrnoma
accusative	*čьrna	*čьrně	*čьrně
instrumental	*čьrnoma	*čьrnama	*čьrnoma
locative	*čьrnu	*čьrnu	*čьrnu
vocative	*čьrna	*čьrně	*čьrně
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čьrni	*čьrny	*čьrna
genitive	*čьrnъ	*čьrnъ	*čьrnъ
dative	*čьrnomъ	*čьrnamъ	*čьrnomъ
accusative	*čьrny	*čьrny	*čьrna
instrumental	*čьrny	*čьrnami	*čьrny
locative	*čьrněxъ	*čьrnaxъ	*čьrněxъ
vocative	*čьrni	*čьrny	*čьrna

Definite declension of *čьrnъ (hard, accent paradigm b)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čьrnъjь	*čьrnaja	*čьrnoje
genitive	*čьrnajego	*čьrnyję̇	*čьrnajego
dative	*čьrnujemu	*čьrněji	*čьrnujemu
accusative	*čьrnъjь	*čьrnǫjǫ	*čьrnoje
instrumental	*čьrnyjimь	*čьrnǫjǫ	*čьrnyjimь
locative	*čьrnějemь	*čьrněji	*čьrnějemь
vocative	*čьrnъjь	*čьrnaja	*čьrnoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čьrnaja	*čьrněji	*čьrněji
genitive	*čьrnuju	*čьrnuju	*čьrnuju
dative	*čьrnyjima	*čьrnyjima	*čьrnyjima
accusative	*čьrnaja	*čьrněji	*čьrněji
instrumental	*čьrnyjima	*čьrnyjima	*čьrnyjima
locative	*čьrnuju	*čьrnuju	*čьrnuju
vocative	*čьrnaja	*čьrněji	*čьrněji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čьrniji	*čьrnyję̇	*čьrnaja
genitive	*čьrnъjixъ	*čьrnъjixъ	*čьrnъjixъ
dative	*čьrnyjimъ	*čьrnyjimъ	*čьrnyjimъ
accusative	*čьrnyję̇	*čьrnyję̇	*čьrnaja
instrumental	*čьrnyjimi	*čьrnyjimi	*čьrnyjimi
locative	*čьrnyjixъ	*čьrnyjixъ	*čьrnyjixъ
vocative	*čьrniji	*čьrnyję̇	*čьrnaja

Derived terms

nouns

• *čьrnakъ m
• *čьrnědь f
• *čьrnica f
• *čьrnika f
• *čьrnikъ m
• *čьrnina f
• *čьrnizna f
• *čьrnь f
• *čьrnьcь m
• *čьrňa f
• *čьrňadь f
• *čьrňakъ m
• *čьrnoba f
• *čьrnobylь f
• *čьrnobylъ m
• *čьrnostь f
• *čьrnota f
• *čьrnozemъ n
• *čьrnǫga f
• *čьrnǫgъ m
• *čьrnuľa f
• *čьrnuša f
• *čьrnušъ m
• *čьrnuxa f
• *čьrnuxъ m

verbs

• *čьrněti impf
• *čьrniti impf

adjectives

• *čьrnastъ
• *čьrnatъ
• *čьrnavъ
• *čьrnistъ
• *čьrnobrъvъ
• *čьrnogolvъ
• *čьrnookъ
• *čьrnovatъ
• *čьrnovolsъ
• *čьrnovъ

adverbs

• *čьrno

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: чьрнъ (čĭrnŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: чо́рный (čórnyj)
      • Belarusian: чо́рны (čórny)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: чо́рный (čórnŷj)
      • Ukrainian: чо́рний (čórnyj)
    • Russian: чёрный (čórnyj)
  • Old Novgorodian: цьрьне (cʹĭrĭne)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: чрьнъ (črĭnŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱍⱃⱐⱀⱏ (črĭnŭ)

    • Bulgarian: че́рен (čéren), (dialectal) църн (cǎrn), цъ́рен (cǎ́ren)
    • Macedonian: црн (crn)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: цр̑н, чрн, чарн

    Latin script: cȓn, črn, čarn

  • Slovene: čŕn (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: črný, černý, čirný
    • Czech: černý
  • Old Polish: czarny
    • Polish: czarny, corny (Łowicz)
    • Silesian: czŏrny
  • Old Slovak: čarny, černý, čierny, čírny, črny
    • Pannonian Rusyn: чарни (čarni)
    • Slovak: čierny
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: czôrny
    • Slovincian: czorny
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: carny
    • Upper Sorbian: čorny

See also

Colors in Proto-Slavic · *mȃsti (layout · text)

*bělъ (of animals) *bronъ	*sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ	*čьrnъ, *smaglъ, *smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ
*čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ	*rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ (of animals) *gnědъ	*žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ
*zelenъ	*zelenъ, *grěnъ
	*polvъ	*siňь; *modrъ
*slivъ	*bagrъ

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “черный”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “черный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 383
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čьrnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 155
• https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Черный/