Pe (پ) is a letter in the Persian alphabet and the Kurdish alphabet used to represent the voiceless bilabial plosive [p].[1] It is based on Bā' (ب) with two additional diacritic dots. It is one of the five letters that were created specifically for the Persian alphabet to symbolize sounds found in Persian but not in Arabic, others being Že (ژ), Če (چ), and Gaf (گ), in addition the obsolete Ve (ڤ).[2][3] In name and shape, it is a variant of Bā' (ب).
| Pe | |
|---|---|
| پ | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Arabic script |
| Type | Abjad |
| Language of origin | Persian language |
| Sound values | p |
| Alphabetical position | 3 |
| History | |
| Development | 𐤁
|
| Other | |
| Writing direction | Right-to-left |
It is used in Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, and other Iranian languages, Uyghur, Urdu, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Shina, and Turkic languages (before the Latin and Cyrillic scripts were adopted). Its numerical value is 2000 (see Abjad numerals).
It is one of additional common foreign letters that are sometimes used in some Arabic dialects to represent foreign sounds, it represents /p/ in loanwords and it can be substituted by Bā' (ب) /b/ such as in protein which is written as بروتين /broːtiːn/ or پروتين /proːtiːn/. In Egypt, the letter is called "Bā' with three dots" (به بتلات نقط, Bā' be-talat noʾaṭ, [be beˈtælæt ˈnoʔɑtˤ]).
In Israel, the letter is sometimes used to transliterate names containing /p/ into Arabic, when that sound originates in non-Semitic languages. When the /p/ sound comes from a Hebrew word, there is normally an Arabic translation instead. When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as ב׳.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
پ | ـپ | ـپـ | پـ |
Character encodings
edit| Preview | پ | |
|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | PERSIAN LETTER PEH | |
| Encodings | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 1662 | U+067E |
| UTF-8 | 217 190 | D9 BE |
| Numeric character reference | پ | پ |
See also
edit
References
edit- ↑ "فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی". 2017-09-07. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ↑ Izadi, Sara; Sadri, Javad; Solimanpour, Farshid; Suen, Ching Y. (2008). Doermann, David; Jaeger, Stefan (eds.). "A Review on Persian Script and Recognition Techniques". Arabic and Chinese Handwriting Recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 4768. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer: 22–35. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78199-8_2. ISBN 978-3-540-78199-8.
- ↑ Orsatti, Paola (2019). "Persian Language in Arabic Script: The Formation of the Orthographic Standard and the Different Graphic Traditions of Iran in the First Centuries of the Islamic Era". Creating Standards (Book).
 | This article about an alphabet or related topic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |