American film and television studios terminated production of black-and-white output in 1966 and, during the following two years, the rest of the world followed suit. At the start of the 1960s, transition to color proceeded slowly, with major studios continuing to release black-and-white films through 1965 and into 1966. Among the five Best Picture nominees at the 33rd Academy Awards in April 1961, two — Sons and Lovers and the winner, The Apartment — were black-and white. Two of the nominees in 1962, The Hustler and Judgment at Nuremberg, were likewise black-and white. The pattern continued into 1963, with The Longest Day and To Kill a Mockingbird; 1964, with America America and Lilies of the Field; and into 1965, with Dr. Strangelove and Zorba the Greek.
At the 38th Academy Awards, held on April 18, 1966, the Best Picture winner (The Sound of Music) and one other nominee (Doctor Zhivago) were in color, but the remaining three nominees (Darling, Ship of Fools and A Thousand Clowns) were in black-and-white. However, at the 39th Academy Awards, held on April 10, 1967, the winner (A Man for All Seasons) and three other nominees (Alfie, The Russians Are Coming the Russians Are Coming and The Sand Pebbles) were in color. Only one nominee (Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?) was in black-and-white.
By the 40th Academy Awards, held on April 10, 1968, not only were the winner (In the Heat of the Night) and all four of the other nominees (Bonnie and Clyde, Doctor Dolittle, The Graduate and Guess Who's Coming to Dinner) in color but, because studios had almost entirely stopped making black-and-white films, the awards for Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design were merged into single categories rather than having a distinction between color and monochrome.[1]
Transition
editThe examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (January 2024) |
The transition to color started in earnest when NBC announced in May 1963 that a large majority of its 1964–65 TV season would be in color.[2] By late September 1964, the move to potential all-color programming was being seen as successful[3] and, on March 8, 1965, NBC confirmed that its 1965–66 season would be almost entirely in color.[4] Three months later, on June 17, CBS, which had been limiting its color programming to only occasional specials, sent out a bulletin that it was preparing to broadcast at least 50 percent of its 1965–66 primetime programming in color.[5][6]
The move of American TV to color reached its final phase in February 1966 when the third network, ABC, announced plans for its 1966–67 season to be almost entirely in color.[7] Since the premiere of NBC Saturday Night at the Movies in September 1961, post-1948 major studio feature films gained a dominant foothold in primetime American TV and, by the mid-1960s, feature films were being broadcast by all three networks in prime time on a nearly-daily basis. Although many of those films were in black-and-white, the ones that were presented in color on NBC had been singled out for special promotion as "broadcast in living color".
In the aftermath of ABC's announcement, studios quickly surmised that only the color features in their film library would have TV broadcast value and stopped production of black-and-white films. Other than a very small number of major films that the studios were willing to publicize — The Fortune Cookie, Is Paris Burning?, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? — completed or nearly completed black-and-white features were put into perfunctory release, but features that had been only partially completed were halted and ordered to restart in color. A similar situation had occurred 37 years earlier, in 1929, when studios stopped production on mid-completion silent films and ordered the addition of dialogue.[8]
Since the 1970s, fiction feature films around the world have been filmed almost exclusively in color. Some films after the transition to color are occasionally presented in black-and-white for budgetary or stylistic reasons. This is a list of notable feature films made after the 1960s that have a significant amount of their running time in black-and-white or monochrome/sepia tone. Many modern black-and-white films are shot in color and converted in post-production.[9][10]
Black-and-white films
editNote: This list does not include short films, documentaries, or films with less than 50% black-and-white footage.
1966–1969
edit1970s
edit1980s
edit1990s
edit2000s
edit2010s
edit2020s
edit| Film | Year | Exclusively B/W |
|---|---|---|
| Dear Comrades! | 2020 | Yes |
| The Forty-Year-Old Version | No | |
| Friend of the World | No | |
| History of the Occult | Yes | |
| Genus Pan | Yes | |
| Mank | Yes | |
| Some Southern Waters | Yes | |
| Služobníci | Yes | |
| Malcolm & Marie | 2021 | Yes |
| Guilt | Yes | |
| Belfast | No | |
| C'mon C'mon | Yes | |
| Passing | Yes | |
| The Tragedy of Macbeth | Yes | |
| Limbo | Yes | |
| The Afterlight | Yes | |
| Paris, 13th District | No | |
| Werewolf by Night | 2022 | No |
| Vindication Swim | No | |
| Blonde | No | |
| Hundreds of Beavers | Yes | |
| SHTTL | No | |
| Do Not Expect Too Much from the End of the World | 2023 | No |
| Life's a Bitch | Yes | |
| Maestro | No | |
| Divinity | Yes | |
| El Conde | No | |
| Farewell Column | Yes | |
| Green Border | Yes | |
| Bheed | Yes | |
| Falling in Love Like in Movies | No | |
| There's Still Tomorrow | Yes | |
| Mami Wata | Yes | |
| Oppenheimer | No | |
| Bramayugam | 2024 | Yes |
| Olavum Theeravum | Yes | |
| Samsara | Yes | |
| Sincerely Saul | Yes | |
| La Cocina | Yes | |
| The Girl with the Needle | Yes | |
| Grand Tour | No | |
| Nouvell Vague | 2025 | Yes |
| The Stranger | Yes | |
| The Disappearance of Josef Mengele | Yes | |
| Everybody Digs Bill Evans | 2026 | Yes |
| Fatherland | Yes | |
| Rose | Yes | |
Films with notable black-and-white scenes
editThe following films are less than 50% black-and-white footage, but contain notable scenes in black-and-white.
| Film | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Solaris | 1972 | Numerous black-and-white scenes |
| Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters | 1985 | Flashbacks are black-and-white |
| They Live | 1988 | While wearing sunglasses |
| Natural Born Killers | 1994 | Flashbacks are black-and-white |
| Malena | 2000 | Dream Sequences |
| Kill Bill: Volume 1 | 2003 | |
| Kill Bill: Volume 2 | 2004 | |
| Casino Royale | 2006 | |
| Oz the Great and Powerful | 2013 | First 20 minutes are black-and-white |
| The French Dispatch | 2021 | Numerous black-and-white scenes |
| Thor: Love and Thunder | 2022 | Fight scene between Gorr and Thor is black-and-white |
| Asteroid City | 2023 | Select scenes throughout are black-and-white |
| Poor Things | First 40 minutes are black-and-white | |
| Dune: Part Two | 2024 | Harkonnen homeworld scenes are black-and-white |
| The Phoenician Scheme | 2025 | Numerous black-and-white sequences |
Black-and-white versions of color films
editThe following are color films that were also released in black-and-white.
| Film | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nickelodeon | 1976 | B&W director's cut released in 2009 |
| Trancers | 1984 | Trancers Noir released in 2025 |
| Johnny Mnemonic | 1995 | Johnny Mnemonic: In Black and White released 2022 |
| Hideous! | 1997 | Hideous Noir released in 2025 |
| The Creeps | The Creeps Noir released in 2025 | |
| Blood Dolls | 1999 | Blood Dolls Noir version released in 2025 |
| Dr. Moreau's House of Pain | 2004 | "Noir Version" released in 2025 |
| The Mist | 2007 | B&W version released in 2008 |
| Mad Max: Fury Road | 2015 | Mad Max: Black & Chrome released 2016 |
| Shin Godzilla | 2016 | Shin Godzilla: Orthochromatic released 2023 |
| Logan | 2017 | Logan Noir released 2017 |
| Parasite | 2019 | |
| Zack Snyder's Justice League | 2021 | Zack Snyder's Justice League: Justice Is Gray released 2021 |
| Nightmare Alley | Nightmare Alley: Vision in Darkness and Light released 2022 | |
| Godzilla Minus One | 2023 | Godzilla Minus One/Minus Color released 2024 |
| Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga | 2024 | Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga Black & Chrome Edition released 2024 |
See also
editReferences
edit- ↑ Special to the New York Times (April 11, 1968). "'In Heat of Night' Wins Oscar as Best Film". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ↑ Gene Smith (May 2, 1963). "R.C.A. Plans Most Colorful Meeting". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ↑ Gene Smith (September 20, 1964). "Set Makers See Dollar Signs in Color TV Tubes / R.C.A. Maps New Expansion — Sylvania Is Optimistic". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ↑ Val Adams (March 9, 1965). "N.B.C. Will Boost Use of TV Color / Plans Only 2 Evening Shows Next Season Without It". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ↑ Val Adams (June 17, 1965). "Two TV Networks Add Color Shows / C.B.S. and A.B.C. Arrange Shift for 8 Programs". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ↑ THE COLOR REVOLUTION: TELEVISION IN THE SIXTIES (Television Obscurities, April 26, 2018)
- ↑ Jack Gould (May 1, 1966). "The Hidden Cost of Color". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ↑ Gorham A. Kindem (Spring 1979). "Hollywood's Conversion to Color: The Technological, Economic and Aesthetic Factors". Journal of the University Film Association. JSTOR 20687473. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ↑ "Indie movie directors delve into black and white filmmaking". Variety.com. June 19, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
- ↑ Killian Fox (June 30, 2013). "How black-and-white movies made a comeback". The Guardian. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
- ↑ "Film Review: 'Infinity Baby'". 12 April 2017.