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Intercontinental Exchange

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Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (ICE) is an American multinational financial services company that operates global financial exchanges, including stock exchanges and futures exchanges, as well as clearing houses, and provides technology and services for mortgage loan origination, closing, and servicing.

Intercontinental Exchange, Inc.
TypePublic
ISINUS45866F1049
Industry
FoundedMay 11, 2000; 26 years ago (2000-05-11)
FounderJeffrey Sprecher
Headquarters
Atlanta, Georgia
,
U.S.
Key people
Products
RevenueIncrease US$9.931 billion (2025)
Increase US$4.929 billion (2025)
Increase US$3.315 billion (2025)
Total assetsDecrease US$136.8 billion (2025)
Total equityIncrease US$28.9 billion (2025)
Number of employees
12,844 (2025)
SubsidiariesNew York Stock Exchange
Websiteice.com
Footnotes
[1]

The company operates three divisions: "Exchanges", which operates 13 regulated exchanges and six clearing houses (55% of 2025 net revenues); "Fixed Income and Data Services", which provides execution, clearing, and analytics services for trading in fixed income products (24% of 2025 net revenues); and "Mortgage Technology", which provides technology for mortgage loan origination, closing, and servicing (21% of 2025 net revenues).[1] Within the company's exchanges division, the company receives transaction revenue from trading in stocks and options on stocks (39% of 2025 exchanges revenue), energy futures contracts and options (27% of 2025 exchanges revenue), interest rate futures and options (7% of 2025 exchanges revenue), agricultural and metals futures and options (3% of 2025 exchanges revenue), OTC energy products (5% of 2025 exchanges revenue), data and connectivity services (13% of 2025 exchanges revenue), and stock exchange listing fees (6% of 2025 exchanges revenue).[1]

Exchanges owned by ICE include the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange in terms of total market capitalization of its listed companies; ICE futures exchanges in the United States, Canada, and Europe; the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE) futures exchanges in Europe; equity options exchanges; and OTC exchanges for energy, credit products, and equities.[1] Central clearing houses owned by ICE include ICE Clear U.S., ICE Clear Europe, ICE Clear Singapore, ICE Clear Credit, ICE Clear Netherlands, and ICE NGX.[1] It also owns ICE Digital Trust, a digital asset custody business.[1]

The company also owns 31% of Bakkt, 40% of Options Clearing Corporation, and 11% of Polymarket on a fully diluted basis.[1]

History

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Jeffrey Sprecher was a developer of power stations who saw a need for a seamless market in natural gas.[2] In the late 1990s, Sprecher acquired Continental Power Exchange, Inc. with the objective of developing an Internet-based platform to provide a more transparent and efficient market structure with increased market liquidity for trading in over-the-counter energy commodities.[3][4]

In May 2000, ICE was founded by Sprecher and backed by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, BP, Total, UniCredit, Shell, Deutsche Bank, and Société Générale.[5][3]

In June 2001, ICE expanded its business into futures contracts trading by acquiring the London-based International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), now ICE Futures Europe, which operated Europe's largest open outcry energy futures exchange, for $131 million.[6][7]

In April 2005, the entire ICE portfolio of energy futures became fully electronic and ICE closed the trading floor of International Petroleum Exchange.[4]

ICE formed ICE Data in 2003 to meet the demand for increased market data in the OTC energy markets.[8]

In November 2005, ICE became a public company via an initial public offering.[9][10]

In January 2007, the company acquired the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT) for $400 million in cash and 10.297 million shares of ICE.[11][12]

In March 2007, ICE made an unsuccessful $9.9 billion bid for the Chicago Board of Trade, which was instead acquired by CME Group.[13][14]

In April 2007, ICE partnered with Canada's TSX Group's Natural Gas Exchange for clearing and settlement services for physical OTC natural gas contracts.[15]

In June 2007, ICE acquired privately held Winnipeg Commodity Exchange, known for its canola futures contract, for $40 million.[16] It was renamed ICE Futures Canada as of January 1, 2008.[17] ICE converted Winnipeg Commodity Exchange contracts to the ICE platform.[16]

In July 2007, ICE acquired ChemConnect, a chemical commodity market.[18][19]

In August 2008, ICE acquired Creditex, which provided trade execution and processing of credit default swaps, for $513 million, including approximately $461 million in ICE common stock and $52 million in cash.[20][21][22]

In October 2008, during to the 2008 financial crisis, ICE worked with the Federal Reserve and acquired The Clearing Corporation for the formation of ICE US Trust (now ICE Clear Credit), a clearing house for credit default swaps (CDS). The principal backers for ICE US Trust were nine of the world's largest banks: Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, JPMorgan Chase, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, and UBS.[23][24][25] By August 2009, ICE had cleared $1.8 trillion in CDS[26] and by July 2010, it had cleared more than $10 trillion in CDS.[27]

In April 2010, ICE acquired Climate Exchange PLC and European Climate Exchange (ECX) for £395 million pounds ($622 million).[28] ICE had partnered with the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) to host its electronic marketplaces since 2003.[29]

In April 2011, ICE and Nasdaq made an $11.3 billion offer for NYSE Euronext, owner of the New York Stock Exchange and Euronext. After the offer was rejected, ICE and Nasdaq raised their offer and added a $350 million breakup fee if the deal were to encounter regulatory hurdles.[30] The United States Department of Justice initiated an antitrust review of the proposal and, after encountering regulatory resistance, the Nasdaq and ICE withdrew their bid.[31]

In December 2012, ICE announced it would buy NYSE Euronext, this time without the involvement of Nasdaq, for $8.2 billion.[32][33] The transaction was completed in November 2013.[34]

In June 2014, ICE completed the corporate spin-off of Euronext, keeping NYSE and the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange, renaming it Intercontinental Exchange Futures.[35][36]

In September 2014, ICE acquired SuperDerivatives, a provider of risk management analytics, financial market data and valuation services, for $350 million.[37]

In January 2015, the New York Stock Exchange made a minority investment in Coinbase during its Series C $75 million funding round.[38] In April 2021, NYSE sold its 1.4% stake in Coinbase for a $900 million profit.[39]

In December 2015, ICE acquired Interactive Data Corporation (IDC), a provider of financial market data, analytics, from Silver Lake and Warburg Pincus for $5.2 billion, including $3.65 billion in cash and $1.55 billion in ICE common stock.[40][41]

Also in December 2015, ICE acquired Trayport for $650 million from GFI Group. Trayport provides a trading technology platform that serves brokers, exchanges, clearing houses and trading participants, primarily in the European utility markets. Approximately 70%-80% of European utility trades flow through its platform.[42] Following the acquisition, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) called in the merger for review. In October 2016, it ruled that the merger could lead to a substantial lessening of competition and required ICE to sell Travport.[43] ICE challenged the decision in the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT), but the CAT upheld the CMA's decision.[44] As a result, in October 2017, ICE transferred Trayport to TMX Group in exchange for Shorcan Energy Brokers, NGX, and £350 million in cash.[45][46] The CMA's ruling against ICE was the first time CMA had required that a company sell an asset that it had already bought.[47]

In June 2016, ICE acquired a majority interest in Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, a national electronic registry that tracks the changes in servicing rights and beneficial ownership interests in U.S.-based mortgage loans.[48] In October 2018, ICE acquired the equity in MERS that it did not already own.[49]

Also in June 2016, Intercontinental Exchange expanded ICE Data Services, which combined exchange data, valuations, analytics, and other software used by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), SuperDerivatives, and Interactive Data Corporation (IDC).[50]

In October 2016, ICE acquired Standard & Poor's Securities Evaluations (SPSE) and Credit Market Analysis (CMA), two assets under the S&P Global Market Intelligence business unit, from McGraw Hill Financial.[51][52]

In May 2017, ICE acquired TMX Atrium, an extranet and wireless services business, from TMX Group.[53][54]

In October 2017, ICE acquired the index business of Bank of America Merrill Lynch, publisher of 5,000 fixed income, currency and commodity indices. It is the second most used fixed income indices by assets under management (AUM) globally.[55][56]

Also in October 2017, ICE acquired a 4.7% stake in Euroclear Group, a provider of post-trade services, including settlement, central securities depositories and related services for cross-border transactions across asset classes, from Royal Bank of Scotland for €275 million.[57][58][59] ICE increased its stake to 10% in February 2018.[60] In May 2022, it sold the stake for €709 million to Caisse des dépôts et consignations and Société Fédérale de Participations et d'Investissement.[61][62]

In January 2018, ICE acquired Virtu BondPoint, an integrated, automated platform offering additional fixed income execution services and one of the broadest sets of fixed income instruments, from Virtu Financial for $400 million in cash.[63][59]

In July 2018, ICE acquired TMC Bonds, a fixed income marketplace, supporting anonymous trading in various types of fixed income securities, for $685 million in cash.[64][65]

Also in July 2018, ICE acquired the Chicago Stock Exchange (CHX), a full-service stock exchange, including trading, data and corporate listings services.[66][67]

In August 2018, ICE formed Bakkt, a platform to buy, sell, store and spend digital currencies.[68] In October 2021, Bakkt became a public company via a merger with a special-purpose acquisition company.[69]

In January 2019, ICE began offering trading in Bitcoin futures contracts.[70]

In June 2019, ICE acquired Simplifile, operator of a network connecting agents and jurisdictions involved with residential mortgage records for $335 million.[71][72][73]

In October 2019, ICE acquired a family of fixed income volatility indices, including the Merrill Lynch Option Volatility Estimate ("MOVE") family of indices, from Bank of America Merrill Lynch.[74][75]

In February 2020, ICE made a $30 billion offer for eBay.[76] However, talks were abandoned shortly thereafter as eBay was unresponsive to a deal.[77]

In September 2020, in its largest acquisition to date, ICE acquired Ellie Mae, a cloud-based platform provider for the mortgage finance industry from Thoma Bravo for $11 billion.[78][79][80]

In December 2021, ICE acquired risQ, a geospatial metadata and climate data modeling start-up company.[81][82][83] ICE had entered into partnerships with the company to develop climate risk and ESG analytics models for municipal bond markets in January 2020[84] and mortgage-backed securities markets in March 2021.[85]

In September 2023, ICE acquired Black Knight, Inc., a software, data and analytics company that serves the housing finance continuum, for $13.1 billion.[86][87] To gain regulatory approval for the transaction, ICE entered into a consent order with the Federal Trade Commission, agreeing to sell Optimal Blue, a product, pricing, and eligibility engine, and Empower, a loan origination system, to Constellation Software.[88]

In January 2025, ICE acquired the American Financial Exchange (AFX), an electronic exchange for direct lending and borrowing for American banks and financial institutions and operator of the American Interbank Offered Rate (AMERIBOR), from 7RIDGE.[89][90]

In October 2025, ICE agreed to invest up to $2 billion in Series D convertible preferred shares of the owner of Polymarket and that it would become a distributor of Polymarket's event-driven data.[91][92] In March 2026, ICE funded a $600 million investment in Polymarket as part of the agreement.[93]

In March 2026, ICE announced a joint venture and $200 million investment in OKX, a blockchain technology and trading company serving more than 120 million people globally.[94][95] The joint venture, led by Andrew Cuomo, is a broker and futures commission merchant that provides OKX's customers access to ICE futures and NYSE tokenized equities markets.[96]

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In March 2015, ICE was fined $3 million by the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) for submitting inaccurate and incomplete reports and data to the CFTC from at least October 2012 through at least May 2014.[97]

In May 2024, ICE agreed to pay $10 million to resolve a probe by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission that the company caused its exchanges to violate a rule that governs how they report cyber threats to the government.[98][99]

Finances

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ICE revenue and net income in billion US$[100]
YearRevenueNet income
2025 9.931 3.315
2024 9.279 2.754
2023 7.988 2.368
2022 7.292 1.446
2021 7.146 1.527
2020 6.036 2.089
2019 5.202 1.933
2018 4.979 1.988
2017 4.638 2.526 (including one-time tax benefit from TCJA)
2016 4.512 1.430
2015 3.338 1.274
2014 3.092 0.981
2013 1.598 0.380
2012 1.362 0.552

See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K Annual Report". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 6, 2026.
  2. ↑ "Timeline: Growth of the IntercontinentalExchange". Reuters. December 20, 2012.
  3. 1 2 Macalister, Terry (March 22, 2000). "Oil firms and banks to set up net exchange". The Guardian.
  4. 1 2 Popper, Nathaniel (January 19, 2013). "Buying the N.Y.S.E., in One Shot". The New York Times.
  5. ↑ Story, Louise (December 11, 2010). "A Secretive Banking Elite Rules Trading in Derivatives". The New York Times.
  6. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. 2005 Form 10-K Annual Report". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
  7. ↑ Saefong, Myra P. (April 30, 2001). "IntercontinentalExchange to buy IPE". MarketWatch.
  8. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. 2008 Form 10-K Annual Report". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
  9. ↑ "IntercontinentalExchange shares up 51% in IPO". American City Business Journals. November 14, 2005.
  10. ↑ Gelsi, Steve (November 16, 2005). "IntercontinentalExchange IPO rockets". MarketWatch.
  11. ↑ "ICE's $1B Merger with NYBOT a Done Deal". Natural Gas Intelligence. January 15, 2007.
  12. ↑ "ICE to Acquire New York Trade Board". The New York Times. Bloomberg News. September 15, 2006.
  13. ↑ Manor, Robert (July 11, 2007). "CBOT loss won't alter ICE agenda". Chicago Tribune.
  14. ↑ Krasny, Ros; Stebbins, Christine; Das, Anupreeta; McSherry, Mark; Hall, Jessica (July 9, 2007). Von Ahn, Lisa (ed.). "CME's battle to buy CBOT set to end in victory". Reuters.
  15. ↑ "ICE Strikes Again, Adds Canadian NGX Alliance". Natural Gas Intelligence. April 2, 2007.
  16. 1 2 "Upstart ICE to buy Winnipeg exchange in $40 million deal". Toronto Star. June 23, 2007.
  17. ↑ Chang, Sue (December 31, 2007). "Winnipeg Commodity Exchange to be renamed ICE Futures Jan. 1". MarketWatch.
  18. ↑ "ICE Buys ChemConnect's Trading Business for Undisclosed Sum". Hart Energy. June 6, 2007.
  19. ↑ Madway, Gabriel (June 4, 2007). "ICE to acquire ChemConnect commodity trading business". MarketWatch.
  20. ↑ Wahba, Phil (June 3, 2008). Wallace, John (ed.). "ICE buying credit derivatives swap dealer Creditex". Reuters.
  21. ↑ "ICE Keeps Cool With Creditex Acquisition". Forbes. June 3, 2008.
  22. ↑ "IntercontinentalExchange Completes Acquisition of Creditex Group Inc" (Press release). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. September 2, 2008.
  23. ↑ Guerrera, Francesco; van Duyn, Aline (October 30, 2008). "ICE in takeover of Clearing Corporation". Financial Times.
  24. ↑ "ICE to acquire The Clearing Corporation as CDS clearing deadline nears". FinExtra. October 30, 2008.
  25. ↑ "Approval of proposal by ICE Trust to become member of Federal Reserve System" (Press release). Federal Reserve. March 4, 2009.
  26. ↑ Guerrera, Francesco; Grant, Jeremy (August 16, 2009). "ICE signs up RBS to CDS clearing". Financial Times.
  27. ↑ Terhune, Chad (July 29, 2010). "ICE's Jeffrey Sprecher: The Sultan of Swaps". Bloomberg Businessweek.
  28. ↑ Szabo, Michael; Gardner, Timothy (August 11, 2010). Jukwey, James (ed.). "ICE cuts staff at Chicago Climate Exchange: sources". Reuters.
  29. ↑ "IntercontinentalExchange Announces Acquisition of Climate Exchange" (Press release). PR Newswire. April 30, 2010.
  30. ↑ Morcroft, Greg (April 19, 2011). "Nasdaq and ICE sweeten the pot for NYSE". MarketWatch.
  31. ↑ Pollock, Lauren (May 16, 2011). "Nasdaq, ICE withdraw bid for NYSE after DOJ talks". MarketWatch.
  32. ↑ "IntercontinentalExchange to buy NYSE for $8.2B". CBS News. December 20, 2012.
  33. ↑ David, Javier E. (December 20, 2012). "ICE to Buy NYSE for $8.2 Billion, Ending Era of Independence". CNBC.
  34. ↑ McCrank, John (November 12, 2013). Orlofsky, Steve (ed.). "ICE completes takeover of NYSE". Reuters.
  35. ↑ David, Ruth; van Groningen, Elco; Cinelli, Francesca (June 19, 2014). "Euronext Detaches From ICE Through $1.2 Billion IPO". Bloomberg News.
  36. ↑ Bray, Chad (June 20, 2014). "I.P.O. Values Euronext Exchange Operator at $1.9 Billion". The New York Times.
  37. ↑ "IntercontinentalExchange's SuperDerivatives Acquisition To Boost Market Data Business". Forbes. September 12, 2014.
  38. ↑ "NYSE Completes Minority Investment in Coinbase" (Press release). ICE. January 20, 2015.
  39. ↑ Lee, Isabelle (April 30, 2021). "NYSE owner ICE sold its Coinbase stake for $1.2 billion, securing a $900 million profit". Business Insider.
  40. ↑ Naidu, Richa (October 26, 2015). D'Souza, Savio (ed.). "ICE to buy market data firm Interactive Data in $5.2 billion deal". Reuters.
  41. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange completes acquisition of Interactive Data Corporation". Finextra. December 14, 2015.
  42. ↑ Stafford, Philip (March 6, 2017). "UK court upholds ICE Trayport sale order". Financial Times.
  43. ↑ "CMA Requires ICE to sell Trayport" (Press release). Competition and Markets Authority. October 17, 2016.
  44. ↑ "CMA final decision on ICE/Trayport agreement". gov.uk. July 7, 2017.
  45. ↑ Sharp, Morgan; Benny, John (October 27, 2017). D'Souza, Savio; Benkoe, Jeffrey (eds.). "Canada's TMX buys ICE's Trayport energy trading platform". Reuters.
  46. ↑ Prang, Allison (October 27, 2017). "Intercontinental Exchange to Swap Companies with TMX Group". The Wall Street Journal.
  47. ↑ Stafford, Philip (October 27, 2017). "ICE to sell commodities trading platform Trayport for £550m". Financial Times.}
  48. ↑ "Majority Stake in MERSCORP Holdings Acquired by NYSE Parent Company ICE". Mortgage Bankers Association. June 21, 2016.
  49. ↑ Lane, Ben (October 5, 2018). "NYSE parent company ICE acquires MERS". Housing Wire.
  50. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange Launches Expanded ICE Data Services" (Press release). Intercontinental Exchange. June 27, 2016.
  51. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. completed the acquisition of Standard & Poor's Securities Evaluations, Inc. and Credit Market Analysis Limited from S&P Global Market Intelligence". S&P Global. October 2, 2016.
  52. ↑ "S&P Global Market Intelligence, a Division of McGraw Hill Financial, Agrees to Sell Two Assets to Intercontinental Exchange" (Press release). S&P Global. March 1, 2016.
  53. ↑ "TMX Group Announces Sale of Atrium" (Press release). TMX Group. February 15, 2017.
  54. ↑ Langton, James (May 1, 2017). "ICE completes acquisition of TMX Atrium". Investment Executive.
  55. ↑ Lord, James (October 23, 2017). "ICE completes acquisition of BofAML index division". ETF Strategy.
  56. ↑ Langton, James (June 1, 2017). "ICE buys BoAML's index platform". Investment Executive.
  57. ↑ Stafford, Philip (October 24, 2017). "ICE buys Euroclear stake from RBS for €275m". Financial Times.
  58. ↑ "Euroclear plc welcomes ICE as a new shareholder" (Press release). Euroclear Group. October 24, 2017.
  59. 1 2 Osipovich, Alexander (October 24, 2017). "Owner of NYSE Agrees to Buy Bond-Trading Platform". The Wall Street Journal.
  60. ↑ Stafford, Philip (February 2, 2018). "ICE increases stake in Euroclear to 10%". Financial Times.
  61. ↑ Gelsi, Steve (May 17, 2022). "Intercontinental Exchange sells 9.9% Euroclear stake to two European buyers". MarketWatch.
  62. ↑ Sharma, Akriti (May 17, 2022). Eluri, Krishna Chandra (ed.). "NYSE-owner ICE sells stake in Euroclear to govt-owned European companies". Reuters.
  63. ↑ "ICE completes acquisition of Virtu BondPoint". Finextra. January 2, 2018.
  64. ↑ Mandel, Eric (May 30, 2018). "Intercontinental Exchange to buy fixed-income marketplace for $685M in cash". American City Business Journals.
  65. ↑ Weitzman, Aaron (May 29, 2018). "ICE's purchase of TMC Bonds continues trend of muni data technology consolidation". The Bond Buyer.
  66. ↑ Baker, Nick (April 15, 2018). "NYSE Agrees to Acquire 136-Year-Old Chicago Stock Exchange". Bloomberg News.
  67. ↑ Langton, James (July 18, 2018). "ICE completes acquisition of Chicago Stock Exchange". Investment Executive.
  68. ↑ Hwang, Inyoung (August 3, 2018). "NYSE's Owner to Launch Bitcoin Firm, Futures Contracts". The Wall Street Journal.
  69. ↑ "ICE Announces Completion of Merger Between Bakkt and VPC Impact Acquisition Holdings" (Press release). Business Wire. October 15, 2021.
  70. ↑ Campbell, Rebecca (November 21, 2018). "ICE Postpones Bakkt's Bitcoin Futures Launch To January 2019". Forbes.
  71. ↑ Osipovich, Alexander (May 1, 2019). "NYSE Owner Bets on Mortgage Digitization". The Wall Street Journal.
  72. ↑ Gaffney, Jacob (May 1, 2019). "MERS owner, Intercontinental Exchange, is buying Simplifile for $335 million". Housing Wire.
  73. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange Form 10-Q For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. October 31, 2019.
  74. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange Completes Acquisition of the Merrill Lynch Option Volatility Estimate (MOVE) Index from Bank of America Merrill Lynch" (Press release). Nasdaq. October 16, 2019.
  75. ↑ Stafford, Philip (August 5, 2019). "ICE expands data business by buying MOVE indices". Financial Times.
  76. ↑ Lombardo, Cara; Driebusch, Corrie (February 4, 2020). "NYSE Owner Intercontinental Exchange Makes Takeover Offer for eBay". The Wall Street Journal.
  77. ↑ Nivedita, C; Kumar, Arunima; McCrank, John (February 6, 2020). Chakrabarty, Saumyadeb; Koyyur, Arun; Oatis, Jonathan; Ganguli, Shinjini (eds.). "Intercontinental Exchange abandons deal talks with eBay". Reuters.
  78. ↑ Smith, Robert; Bullock, Nicole (August 6, 2020). "ICE mortgage deal is largest in its 20-year history". Financial Times.
  79. ↑ Roha, Alex (September 4, 2020). "With $11B Ellie Mae deal finalized, ICE prepares to unleash a "fully digital mortgage ecosystem"". Housing Wire.
  80. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange Completes Acquisition of Ellie Mae from Thoma Bravo" (Press release). Business Wire. September 4, 2020.
  81. ↑ "ICE Expands Climate Change and Alternative Data Capabilities With Acquisitions of risQ and Level 11 Analytics" (Press release). Business Wire. December 9, 2021.
  82. ↑ Freedman, Andrew (January 7, 2022). "Why big financial firms are scooping up climate modeling companies". Axios.
  83. ↑ Wirz, Matt (July 10, 2022). "The Startups Predicting Climate Risk for Bond Investors". The Wall Street Journal.
  84. ↑ "risQ and Intercontinental Exchange Announce Collaboration to Bring Climate Risk Analytics to the Municipal Bond Ecosystem" (Press release). Business Wire. January 8, 2020.
  85. ↑ "risQ and Level 11 Analytics Launch Climate and ESG Analytics for Mortgage-Backed Securities" (Press release). PR Newswire. March 25, 2021.
  86. ↑ Miller, Michael (September 5, 2023). "Intercontinental Exchange Completes Its Acquisition of Black Knight". Morningstar, Inc.
  87. ↑ Stafford, Philip; Asgari, Nikou (May 4, 2022). "ICE exchange expands in mortgage tech with $13bn deal for Black Knight". Financial Times.
  88. ↑ "Intercontinental Exchange, Inc./Black Knight, Inc., In the Matter of". Federal Trade Commission.
  89. ↑ Rocha, Polo (January 8, 2025). "Index provider ICE buys AFX and its Ameribor rate". American Banker.
  90. ↑ Fuhrmeister, Chris (January 8, 2025). "Intercontinental Exchange acquires electronic exchange focused on smaller banks". American City Business Journals.
  91. ↑ Doherty, Katherine (October 7, 2025). "NYSE Owner to Invest $2 Billion in Betting Platform Polymarket". Bloomberg News.
  92. ↑ Logan, Rebecca (October 7, 2025). "Intercontinental Exchange Inc. makes $2 billion investment in prediction platform". American City Business Journals.
  93. ↑ Saini, Manya (March 27, 2026). D'Silva, Anil; Leo, Leroy (eds.). "NYSE-parent Intercontinental Exchange invests $600 million in Polymarket". Reuters.
  94. ↑ Weiss, Ben (March 5, 2026). "Exclusive: NYSE parent company invests in crypto exchange OKX at $25 billion valuation as part of push into blockchain-based stocks". Fortune.
  95. ↑ Huang, Vicky Ge; Hur, Krystal (April 16, 2026). "How a 233-Year-Old Wall Street Institution Went All In on Crypto". The Wall Street Journal.
  96. ↑ Barnes, Oliver; Chipolina, Scott (June 22, 2026). "Andrew Cuomo to lead joint venture between NYSE parent and crypto exchange OKX". Financial Times.
  97. ↑ "CFTC Orders ICE Futures U.S., Inc. to Pay a $3 Million Civil Monetary Penalty for Recurring Data Reporting Violations" (Press release). United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission. March 16, 2015.
  98. ↑ Michaels, Dave (May 22, 2024). "Intercontinental Exchange Will Pay $10 Million to Resolve SEC Cyber Probe". The Wall Street Journal.
  99. ↑ "SEC Charges Intercontinental Exchange and Nine Affiliates Including the New York Stock Exchange With Failing to Inform the Commission of a Cyber Intrusion" (Press release). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. May 22, 2024.
  100. ↑ "CME Group". Macrotrends.
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