60 metres

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60 metres, or 60-meter dash, is a sprint event in track and field. It is a championship event for indoor championships, normally dominated by the best outdoor 100 metres runners. At indoor events, the 60 metres is run on lanes set out in the middle of the 'field', as is the hurdles event over the same distance, thus avoiding some of the effects of the banked track encircling the venue, upon which other track events in indoor events are run. At outdoor venues it is a rare distance, at least for senior athletes. The format of the event is similar to other sprint distances. The sprinters follow three initial instructions: 'on your marks', instructing them to take up position in the starting blocks; 'set', instructing them to adopt a more efficient starting posture, which also isometrically preloads their muscles. This will enable them to start faster. The final instruction is the firing of the starter's pistol. Upon hearing this the sprinters stride forwards from the blocks.

Athletics
60 metres
Women 60 m final during Doha 2010 World Indoor Championships
World records
MenUnited States Christian Coleman 6.34 A (2018)
WomenRussia Irina Privalova 6.92 (1993, 1995)
World Indoor Championship records
MenUnited States Christian Coleman 6.37 (2018)
WomenUnited States Gail Devers 6.95 (1993)

The 60 metres was an Olympic event in the 1900 and 1904 Summer Games but was removed from the schedule thereafter. American Christian Coleman currently holds the men's world record in the 60 metres with a time of 6.34 seconds,[1] while Russian Irina Privalova holds the women's world record at 6.92.

At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics semi-finals, Su Bingtian ran the fastest 60 m split of all-time and the fastest 60 m ever recorded under any conditions with a time of 6.29 seconds.[2]

In the past, it was common for athletes to compete in the 60 yards (54.86 m) race. This is not part of the lineage of the 60 metres, but is the predecessor of the 55 metres race. 60 metres is 65.6168 yards.

Area records

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All-time top 25

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Indoor results only

Tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25 60m times and the top 25 athletes:
- denotes top performance for athletes in the top 25 60m times
- denotes lesser performances, still in the top 25 60m times, by repeat athletes
- denotes top performance (only) for other top 25 athletes who fall outside the top 25 60m times

Updated March 2026.[5]

Ath.#Perf.#Time (s)AthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
116.34 AChristian Coleman United States18 February 2018Albuquerque[1]
26.37Coleman #219 January 2018Clemson
Coleman #33 March 2018Birmingham[6]
246.39Maurice Greene United States3 February 1998Madrid
46.39Greene #23 March 2001Atlanta
66.40Greene #327 February 1999Atlanta
366.40 ARonnie Baker United States18 February 2018Albuquerque[1]
486.41Andre Cason United States14 February 1992Madrid
86.41Greene #41 February 1998Stuttgart
486.41Marcell Jacobs Italy19 March 2022Belgrade[7]
86.41Coleman #419 March 2022Belgrade[7]
Coleman #5 1 March 2024 Glasgow [8]
486.41Jordan Anthony United States20 March 2026Toruń[9]
146.42Greene #57 March 1999Maebashi
7146.42Dwain Chambers Great Britain7 March 2009Turin
146.42 AColeman #618 February 2018Albuquerque[1]
7146.42Su Bingtian China3 March 2018Birmingham[6]
Trayvon Bromell  United States 10 February 2023 Clemson [10]
146.42Bromell #220 March 2026Toruń[11]
206.43Greene #61 February 1998Stuttgart
10206.43Tim Harden United States7 March 1999Maebashi
206.43Su #26 February 2018Düsseldorf
10 20 6.43 A Noah Lyles  United States 17 February 2024 Albuquerque [12]
20 6.43 Coleman #7 1 March 2024 Glasgow [8]
Anthony #2 13 February 2026 Fayetteville [13]
Anthony #3 20 March 2026 Toruń [11]
126.44Asafa Powell Jamaica18 March 2016Portland[14]
Marvin Bracy United States19 March 2022Belgrade[7]
14 6.45Bruny Surin Canada13 February 1993Liévin
6.45 A Leonard Myles-Mills Ghana20 February 1999Colorado Springs
Terrence Trammell United States17 February 2001Pocatello
6.45 Justin Gatlin United States1 March 2003Boston
Ronald Pognon France13 February 2005Karlsruhe
6.45 ATrell Kimmons United States26 February 2012Albuquerque
6.45Terrence Jones Bahamas15 January 2022Lubbock[15]
Ackeem Blake  Jamaica 4 February 2024 Boston
Kayinsola Ajayi  Nigeria 26 February 2026 College Station
Jeremiah Azu  Great Britain 20 March 2026 Toruń [11]
Kishane Thompson  Jamaica 20 March 2026 Toruń [9]
25 6.46Jon Drummond United States1 February 1998Stuttgart
6.46 AMarcus Brunson United States30 January 1999Flagstaff
6.46 Jason Gardener Great Britain7 March 1999Maebashi
Tim Montgomery United States11 March 2001Lisbon
Leonard Scott United States26 February 2005Liévin
JC Stevenson United States14 March 2025Virginia Beach[16]
Malachi Snow United States28 February 2026Lubbock
Jelani Watkins United States13 March 2026Fayetteville[17]

Note: The following athletes have had their performances annulled due to doping offences:

Time (s) Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
6.41Ben Johnson Canada7 March 1987Indianapolis[18]

Outdoor best performances

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+ = en route to 100 m mark

Rank Time
(s)
Wind
(m/s)
Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 6.29+ (calculated) +0.9 Su Bingtian  China 1 August 2021 Tokyo [19][20]
2 6.31+ (calculated) +0.9 Usain Bolt  Jamaica 16 August 2009 Berlin [21][22]
3 6.32+ (calculated) +1.7 Asafa Powell  Jamaica 9 September 2007 Rieti [23]
+1.7 Usain Bolt  Jamaica 31 May 2008 New York City [24]
±0.0 Usain Bolt  Jamaica 16 August 2008 Beijing [25]
+0.2 Asafa Powell  Jamaica 2 September 2009 Lausanne [23]
+1.5 Usain Bolt  Jamaica 5 August 2012 London [26]
+0.6 Christian Coleman  United States 28 September 2019 Doha [27]
9 6.33+ (calculated) −0.2 Maurice Greene  United States 5 August 2001 Edmonton [28]
−0.1 Yohan Blake  Jamaica 23 August 2012 Lausanne [29]
11 6.34+ (calculated) +0.9 Justin Gatlin  United States 23 August 2015 Beijing [30]

Note: The following athletes have had their associated 100 m performances annulled due to doping offences:

Time
(s)
Wind
(m/s)
Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
6.33+ (calculated) +1.1 Ben Johnson  Canada 24 September 1988 Seoul [31]

Women

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Updated February 2026.[32]

Ath.#Perf.#Time (s)AthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
116.92Irina Privalova Russia11 February 1993Madrid
16.92Privalova #29 February 1995Madrid
36.93Privalova #313 February 1994Liévin
46.94Privalova #419 February 1995Liévin
2 4 6.94 A Aleia Hobbs  United States 18 February 2023 Albuquerque [33]
Julien Alfred  Saint Lucia 11 March 2023 Albuquerque [34]
466.95Gail Devers United States12 March 1993Toronto
66.95Privalova #56 February 1994Vienna
Privalova #614 February 1995Moscow
466.95Marion Jones United States7 March 1998Maebashi
6106.96Merlene Ottey Jamaica14 February 1992Madrid
106.96Privalova #711 February 1993Madrid
6106.96Ekaterini Thanou Greece7 March 1999Maebashi
Mujinga Kambundji Switzerland18 March 2022Belgrade[35]
10 6.96 A Alfred #2 10 March 2023 Albuquerque [36]
156.97Privalova #814 February 1992Madrid
Privalova #912 March 1993Toronto
Privalova #1011 February 1994Madrid
Privalova #1112 February 1995Ghent
Ottey #219 February 1995Liévin
Ottey #310 March 1995Ghent
9156.97LaVerne Jones-Ferrette United States Virgin Islands6 February 2010Stuttgart
Murielle Ahouré Ivory Coast2 March 2018Birmingham[37]
15 6.97 Alfred #3 25 February 2023 Lubbock [38]
246.98Privalova #1227 February 1993Moscow
Devers #221 February 1999Liévin
11246.98Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica9 March 2014Sopot[39]
Elaine Thompson-Herah Jamaica18 February 2017Birmingham[40]
24 6.98 Hobbs #2 28 January 2023 Fayetteville [41]
11246.98Ewa Swoboda Poland2 March 2024Glasgow[42]
246.98Alfred #42 March 2024Glasgow[43]
146.99Mikiah Brisco United States18 March 2022Belgrade [35]
Zaynab Dosso  Italy 22 February 2026 Toruń [44]
16 7.00 Nelli Cooman Netherlands23 February 1986Madrid
Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica14 March 2010Doha
Dafne Schippers  Netherlands 13 February 2016 Berlin [45]
Barbara Pierre  United States 12 March 2016 Portland [46]
20 7.01 Savatheda Fynes Bahamas7 March 1999Maebashi
Me'Lisa Barber United States10 March 2006Moscow
Lauryn Williams United States10 March 2006Moscow
Patrizia Van der Weken Luxembourg22 February 2026Toruń[44]
24 7.02 Gwen Torrence United States2 February 1996New York City
Christy Opara-Thompson Nigeria12 February 1997Ghent
Chioma Ajunwa Nigeria22 February 1998Liévin
Philomena Mensah Canada7 March 1999Maebashi
7.02 ACarmelita Jeter United States28 February 2010Albuquerque
7.02Tianna Madison United States11 February 2012Fayetteville
7.02 AJavianne Oliver United States18 February 2018Albuquerque [1]
7.02 Marie-Josée Ta Lou  Ivory Coast 20 February 2019 Düsseldorf [47]
Jacious Sears  United States 8 February 2025 New York City [48]

Outdoor best performances

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+ = en route to 100 m mark

Rank Time
(s)
Wind
(m/s)
Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 6.81+ (calculated) +0.1 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce  Jamaica 29 September 2019 Doha [49]
2 6.85+ (calculated) −0.1 Marion Jones  United States 22 August 1999 Seville
3 6.87+ (calculated) ±0.0 Florence Griffith-Joyner  United States 16 July 1988 Indianapolis [50]
+0.9 Elaine Thompson-Herah  Jamaica 21 August 2021 Eugene [51]
5 6.91+ (calculated) +0.1 Dina Asher-Smith  Great Britain 29 September 2019 Doha [49]

Olympic medalists

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World Indoor Championships medalists

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Games Gold Silver Bronze
1985 Paris a
details
 Ben Johnson (CAN)  Sam Graddy (USA)  Ronald Desruelles (BEL)
1987 Indianapolis
details
 Lee McRae (USA) b  Mark Witherspoon (USA)  Pierfrancesco Pavoni (ITA)
1989 Budapest
details
 Andrés Simón (CUB)  John Myles-Mills (GHA)  Pierfrancesco Pavoni (ITA)
1991 Seville
details
 Andre Cason (USA)  Linford Christie (GBR)  Chidi Imo (NGR)
1993 Toronto
details
 Bruny Surin (CAN)  Frankie Fredericks (NAM)  Talal Mansour (QAT)
1995 Barcelona
details
 Bruny Surin (CAN)  Darren Braithwaite (GBR)  Robert Esmie (CAN)
1997 Paris
details
 Haralabos Papadias (GRE)  Michael Green (JAM)  Davidson Ezinwa (NGR)
1999 Maebashi
details
 Maurice Greene (USA)  Tim Harden (USA)  Jason Gardener (GBR)
2001 Lisbon
details
 Tim Harden (USA)  Tim Montgomery (USA)  Mark Lewis-Francis (GBR)
2003 Birmingham
details
 Justin Gatlin (USA)  Kim Collins (SKN)  Jason Gardener (GBR)
2004 Budapest
details
 Jason Gardener (GBR)  Shawn Crawford (USA)  Georgios Theodoridis (GRE)
2006 Moscow
details
 Leonard Scott (USA)  Andrey Epishin (RUS)  Terrence Trammell (USA)
2008 Valencia
details
 Olusoji Fasuba (NGR)  Kim Collins (SKN)
 Dwain Chambers (GBR)
none awarded
2010 Doha
details
 Dwain Chambers (GBR)  Mike Rodgers (USA)  Daniel Bailey (ATG)
2012 Istanbul
details
 Justin Gatlin (USA)  Nesta Carter (JAM)  Dwain Chambers (GBR)
2014 Sopot
details
 Richard Kilty (GBR)  Marvin Bracy (USA)  Femi Ogunode (QAT)
2016 Portland
details
 Trayvon Bromell (USA)  Asafa Powell (JAM)  Ramon Gittens (BAR)
2018 Birmingham
details
 Christian Coleman (USA)  Su Bingtian (CHN)  Ronnie Baker (USA)
2022 Belgrade
details
 Marcell Jacobs (ITA)  Christian Coleman (USA)  Marvin Bracy (USA)
2024 Glasgow
details
 Christian Coleman (USA)  Noah Lyles (USA)  Ackeem Blake (JAM)
2025 Nanjing
details
 Jeremiah Azu (GBR)  Lachlan Kennedy (AUS)  Akani Simbine (RSA)
2026 Toruń
details
 Jordan Anthony (USA)  Kishane Thompson (JAM)  Trayvon Bromell (USA)

a The event was known as the World Indoor Games in 1985.
b Ben Johnson of Canada originally won the gold medal, but he was disqualified in 1989 after admitting to steroid use between 1981 and 1988.

Medal table

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)119424
2 Great Britain (GBR)43411
3 Canada (CAN)3014
4 Italy (ITA)1023
 Nigeria (NGR)1023
6 Greece (GRE)1012
7 Cuba (CUB)1001
8 Jamaica (JAM)0415
9 Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN)0202
10 Australia (AUS)0101
 China (CHN)0101
 Ghana (GHA)0101
 Namibia (NAM)0101
 Russia (RUS)0101
15 Qatar (QAT)0022
16 Antigua and Barbuda (ATG)0011
 Barbados (BAR)0011
 Belgium (BEL)0011
 South Africa (RSA)0011
Totals (19 entries)22232166

Women

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Games Gold Silver Bronze
1985 Paris a
details
 Silke Gladisch (GDR)  Heather Oakes (GBR)  Christelle Bulteau (FRA)
1987 Indianapolis
details
 Nelli Fiere-Cooman (NED)  Anelia Nuneva (BUL) b  Angela Bailey (CAN)
1989 Budapest
details
 Nelli Fiere-Cooman (NED)  Gwen Torrence (USA)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)
1991 Seville
details
 Irina Sergeyeva (URS)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)  Liliana Allen (CUB)
1993 Toronto
details
 Gail Devers (USA)  Irina Privalova (RUS)  Zhanna Tarnopolskaya (UKR)
1995 Barcelona
details
 Merlene Ottey (JAM)  Melanie Paschke (GER)  Carlette Guidry (USA)
1997 Paris
details
 Gail Devers (USA)  Chandra Sturrup (BAH)  Frederique Bangue (FRA)
1999 Maebashi
details
 Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)  Gail Devers (USA)  Philomena Mensah (CAN)
2001 Lisbon
details
 Chandra Sturrup (BAH)  Angela Williams (USA)  Chryste Gaines (USA)
2003 Birmingham
details
 Angela Williams (USA) c  Torri Edwards (USA)  Merlene Ottey (SLO)
2004 Budapest
details
 Gail Devers (USA)  Kim Gevaert (BEL)  Yulia Nestsiarenka (BLR)
2006 Moscow
details
 Me'Lisa Barber (USA)  Lauryn Williams (USA)  Kim Gevaert (BEL)
2008 Valencia
details
 Angela Williams (USA)  Jeanette Kwakye (GBR)  Tahesia Harrigan (IVB)
2010 Doha
details
 Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)  Carmelita Jeter (USA)  Ruddy Zang Milama (GAB)
2012 Istanbul
details
 Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)  Murielle Ahouré (CIV)  Tianna Madison (USA)
2014 Sopot
details
 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)  Murielle Ahouré (CIV)  Tianna Bartoletta (USA)
2016 Portland
details
 Barbara Pierre (USA)  Dafne Schippers (NED)  Elaine Thompson (JAM)
2018 Birmingham
details
 Murielle Ahouré (CIV)  Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV)  Mujinga Kambundji (SUI)
2022 Belgrade
details
 Mujinga Kambundji (SUI)  Mikiah Brisco (USA)  Marybeth Sant-Price (USA)
2024 Glasgow
details
 Julien Alfred (LCA)  Ewa Swoboda (POL)  Zaynab Dosso (ITA)
2025 Nanjing
details
 Mujinga Kambundji (SUI)  Zaynab Dosso (ITA)  Patrizia van der Weken (LUX)
2026 Toruń
details
 Zaynab Dosso (ITA)  Jacious Sears (USA)  Julien Alfred (LCA)

a The event was known as the World Indoor Games in 1985.
b Angella Issajenko of Canada originally won the silver medal, but she was disqualified in 1989 after admitting to steroid use between 1982 and 1988.
c Zhanna Block originally won the gold medal, but she was disqualified after her results from November 2002 onwards were deleted in 2011 for long-term drug use.

Medal table

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)78520
2 Jamaica (JAM)4127
3 Netherlands (NED)2103
4 Switzerland (SUI)2013
5 Ivory Coast (CIV)1304
6 Italy (ITA)1113
7 Bahamas (BAH)1102
8 Saint Lucia (LCA)1012
9 East Germany (GDR)1001
 Greece (GRE)1001
 Soviet Union (URS)1001
12 Great Britain (GBR)0202
13 Belgium (BEL)0112
14 Bulgaria (BUL)0101
 Germany (GER)0101
 Poland (POL)0101
 Russia (RUS)0101
18 Canada (CAN)0022
 France (FRA)0022
20 Belarus (BLR)0011
 British Virgin Islands (IVB)0011
 Cuba (CUB)0011
 Gabon (GAB)0011
 Luxembourg (LUX)0011
 Slovenia (SLO)0011
 Ukraine (UKR)0011
Totals (26 entries)22222266

World leading times

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Indoor results only

Notes and references

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Jon Hendershott (18 February 2018). "Coleman breaks world indoor 60m record at US Indoor Championships in Albuquerque". IAAF. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  2. Pierre-Jean Vazel (2 November 2021). "Athletics - Final Results". Analyzing the Olympic 100-meter sprints.
  3. "Men's indoor 60 Metres | Records". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 7 May 2026.
  4. "Women's indoor 60 Metres | Records". worldathletics.org. World Athletics. Retrieved 7 May 2026.
  5. "All time Top Lists Senior Indoor 60 Metres Men". World Athletics. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  6. 1 2 "Men's 60m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 3 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 "60m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 19 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  8. 1 2 "Lyles has to give best to Coleman over 60m in Glasgow | News | Glasgow 24 | World Athletics Indoor Championships". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
  9. 1 2 "Men's 60m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. Retrieved 20 March 2026.
  10. "Bol clocks 49.96 and 22.87 in Metz, Bromell breezes to 6.42 in Clemson". World Athletics. 11 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 "Men's 60m Semifinal Results Summary" (PDF). World Athletics. Retrieved 20 March 2026.
  12. "Results". results.usatf.org. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  13. "McRae breaks world short track 400m record in Fayetteville". World Athletics. 15 February 2026. Retrieved 10 March 2026.
  14. "60m Round 1 Results" (PDF). IAAF. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  15. Jon Mulkeen (16 January 2022). "Jones, Harrison and Usoro get their 2022 campaigns off to a strong start". Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  16. "60m Heats Results" (PDF). flashresults.ncaa.com. 14 March 2025. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
  17. "60m Round 1 Heat 2 Results". World Athletics. Retrieved 17 March 2026.
  18. Janofsky, Michael (6 September 1989). "Rule That Will Strip Johnson of His World Records Is Approved". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  19. Pierre-Jean Vazel (2021-11-02). "Athletics - Final Results". Analyzing the Olympic 100-meter sprints.
  20. Omega Official (2021-08-08). "Su Bingtian 60m-6.29". Wanda Diamond League China.
  21. Lee, Jimson (2009-08-19). "Usain Bolt 10 meter splits, Fastest Top Speed, 2008 vs 2009". SpeedEndurance.com. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  22. "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres" (PDF). IAAF. 16 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  23. 1 2 Pierre-Jean Vazel (8 September 2008). "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres 9.72 Asafa Powell". Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  24. X-King (12 June 2008). "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres 9.72 Usain Bolt". Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  25. Pierre-Jean Vazel (16 August 2009). "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres 9.69 Usain Bolt". Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  26. Pierre-Jean Vazel (5 August 2020). "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres 9.63 Usain Bolt". Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  27. "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres". La Libre. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  28. nsx_pf (14 February 2022). "TOP 20 FASTEST 60M SPLITS IN 100M RACES". Speed Analysis Channel. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  29. Leslie Ray Jeffrey (24 December 2022). "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres Yohan Blake 9.69". Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  30. Magician wlx (14 February 2022). "Justin Gatlin's 9 77 split time in Beijing in 2015". YouTube. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  31. "Maurice Greene equals 60m indoors world record mark". World Athletics. 1 February 1998. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  32. "Toplists - All time Top lists - Senior Indoor 60 Metres Women". World Athletics. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  33. "Hobbs and Hall go No.2 all time at US Indoor Championships in Albuquerque". World Athletics. 18 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  34. "Alfred, Garland and Wilson threaten world records at NCAA Indoor Championships | REPORT | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
  35. 1 2 "60m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  36. "Collegiate records fall on first day of NCAA Indoor Championships | REPORT | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
  37. "Women's 60m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 2 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  38. "Weekend Recap: All-Time Marks Canvas Conference Championships Weekend". USTFCCCA. 25 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  39. "60m Results Summary" (PDF). IAAF. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  40. "60m Results" (PDF). British Athletics. 18 February 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  41. "Hodgkinson breaks world indoor 600m best, Kincaid and Nuguse lead fast times in Boston". World Athletics. 29 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  42. "60m Semifinal Results Summary" (PDF). World Athletics. 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  43. "60m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  44. 1 2 "Charlton, Crestan and Dosso close World Indoor Tour Gold in style in Toruń". worldathletics.org. 22 February 2026. Retrieved 22 February 2026.
  45. "Dafne Schippers: Profile". IAAF.org. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  46. "60m Dash Results". flashresults.com. 12 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  47. Ramsak, Bob (20 February 2019). "Ta Lou dashes 7.02, J. Ingebrigtsen defeats Tefera in Dusseldorf". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  48. "Nuguse and Fisher break world indoor records in New York". World Athletics. 8 February 2025. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  49. 1 2 Lindstrom, Sieg (October 2019). "World Champs Women's 100 — Let's Hear It For Motherhood". Track & Field News. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  50. Brüggemann, Gert-Peter; Glad, Bill; International Amateur Athletic Federation; International Athletic Foundation (1990), Scientific research project at the games of the XXIVth Olympiad - Seoul 1988. Final report, Biomechanical analyses of the jumping events, time analyses of the sprint and hurdle events, IAAF, retrieved 16 May 2020
  51. Evelyn Watta (8 September 2021). "Elusive world record now within reach for Elaine Thompson-Herah". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
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