Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yeh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*yeh₂- (imperfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]

to go
to go in, enter
to ride, to travel

Alternative reconstructions

*h₁yeh₂-^[4] (as possible enlargement of *h₁ey-)
*h₂yeh₂-^[5]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yeh₂- (48 c, 0 e)

*yéh₂-ti ~ *ih₂-énti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jā́ˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yáHti
    - Sanskrit: याति (yā́ti) (see there for further descendants)
*yḗh₂-s-t ~ *yéh₂-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: अयासम् (ayāsam, 1sg.aor.ind.act.)
*yéh₂-os ~ *yéh₂-es-
- Proto-Celtic: *yās
  - Old Irish: á (“chariot”)
*yéh₂-lo- (“zeal”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic:
    - Serbo-Croatian: jȃl/ја̑л (“envy, malice”)
- Proto-Celtic: *yālos (“praise, worship”)
  - Proto-Brythonic: *yọl
    - Middle Welsh: iawl (“prayer, supplication, worship”)
      - Welsh: iawl
  - Old Irish: áil (“request, desire”)
    - Irish: áil
    - Scottish Gaelic: àill
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal”)
*yéh₂-mn̥
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáHma
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yáHma
    - Sanskrit: यामन् (yā́man)
*yeh₂-ni-^[6]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ջան (ǰan, “zeal, effort, labour”)
*yéh₂-no-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáHnam
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yáHnam
    - Sanskrit: यान (yā́na) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *jānos
  - Latin: Iānus, iānua (see there for further descendants)
*yeh₂-tóm
- Proto-Slavic: *ěto (see there for further descendants)
*yéh₂-tu-s ~ *ih₂-téw-s
- Proto-Celtic: *yātus (see there for further descendants)
*yéh₂-wēr or *yéh₂-wō
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáHwā
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yáHwā
    - Sanskrit: यावन् (yā́van, “rider, invader on horseback”)
*yi-yéh₂-^[7]
- Proto-Tocharian: *iyā-
  - Tocharian A: yā-
  - Tocharian B: iyā-

Unsorted formations

Ancient Greek: ζητέω (zētéō)
Ancient Greek: ζημία (zēmía)
Old Irish: áitt
- Irish: áit
- Scottish Gaelic: àite

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: या (yā)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. i̯eh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 309
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “i̯ā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 296
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 616-7
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2025), Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]
^ Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982), Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 90
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “iyā-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 71

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. i̯eh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 309

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “i̯ā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 296

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 616-7

[5] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2025), Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]

[6] Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982), Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 90

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “iyā-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 71

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