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List of Constructors

This is a (possibly incomplete) list of Constructors currently defined and accessible to Elemwala.

If a language lacks its own individual Renderer for a Constructor, then the Renderer in mul is used if it exists.

To add, remove, or change this list, it is currently necessary to make modifications to Ninai.

Name Docstring Available renderers
identifier (Q1773882) Used to specify an identifier for the immediate parent Constructor. If an Identifier Constructor is not present within another Constructor, then that other Constructor will simply have an automatic identifier assigned to it. Examples: ["Q151885", "Q319", ["Q1773882", "Q130000471"]]: (Now the concept Constructor above may be referred to in other Constructors, or in Constructor Framings, with the string "Q130000471".)
signal (Q2150504) Base class of all signals used to manually control features of other Constructors which, at render time, are often realized as inflections. This should not be used directly.
predicate (Q179080) Represents a predicate, either directly or indirectly specified. The predicate can be directly specified, if a lexeme sense is provided as the first argument, or indirectly specified, if an item is provided and a sense is linked via P9970 to it. Examples: ["Q179080", "L741213-S4", ["Q613930", ["Q2324479"], "Q1242505"], ["Q613930", ["Q151885", "Q35831"], "Q109566760"]]: I enjoy sunshine. mul
thematic relation (Q613930) Represents a role played by an entity with respect to a predicate. Note that the first argument must be the entity and the second argument must be the role. Examples: ["Q179080", "L741213-S4", ["Q613930", ["Q2324479"], "Q1242505"], ["Q613930", ["Q151885", "Q35831"], "Q109566760"]]: I enjoy sunshine. mul
adverbial (Q380012) Base Constructor type for adverbial relations. This should not be used directly. nb
concept (Q151885) Represents a nominal or verbal linked to the provided Wikidata item or lexeme sense. Examples: ["Q151885", "Q1068034"]: Apple pie mul
timestamping (Q7806609) Sets a value in the containing Constructor's FunctionConfig as a timestamp. This can be used to define the time an action takes place, the time point relative to which other actions take place, or even the date when the sentence should be considered to be rendered. Examples: ["Q124317561", ["Q2324479"], ["Q7806609", "Q7805404", "1809-02-12"]]: I existed [on February 12, 1809]. ["Q124317561", ["Q2324479"], ["Q7806609", "Q7805404", "2109-02-12"]]: I will exist [on February 12, 2109]. mul
DateTime (Q116880167) Produces (in the Python implementation) a date, time, and timezone combination. Examples: ["Q116880167", "Q69292125", "Q95097023", "Q11367286"]: 1 January 1975, 18:00:00 UTC-5 mul
configuration option (Q105029446) Sets a value in the containing Constructor's FunctionConfig as a string. Examples: ["Q124317561", ["Q2324479", ["Q105029446", "Q104083", "Q146786"]]]: We [the royal we] exist. mul
identifier resolution (Q115297988) Resolves an external identifier to the entity ID for a concept. Examples: ["Q115297988", "P214", "198625110"]: "Q809694" mul
backreference (Q126932816) Refers back to an object defined, typically using Q1183659, in the containing context. As such, this is currently only valid as an argument to a context. Examples: ["Q196626", ["Q1183659", "Q2000", ["Q151885", "Q181"]], ["Q126932816", "Q2000"]]: Jimmy Wales mul
declaration (Q1183659) Assigns a new name to an object in the containing context, which can be referred to using Q126932816. This is currently only valid as an argument to a context. Examples: ["Q196626", ["Q1183659", "Q2000", ["Q151885", "Q181"]], ["Q126932816", "Q2000"]]: Jimmy Wales
system configuration (Q7663702) Sets a value in the containing context's Framing, which will be reflected in any applicable Constructors matching the provided selector. This is currently only valid as an argument to a context. Examples: ["Q196626", ["Q7663702", "#Q2000", "Q2407816", "Q59154876"], ["Q151885", "Q42", ["Q1773882", "Q2000"]]]: = Douglas Adams =
name binding (Q16928028) Performs an operation on an object in the containing context, which will be reflected when a Constructor referring to it is next rendered. This is currently only valid as an argument to a context. Examples: ["Q196626", ["Q1183659", "Q2000", "Q29934200"], ["Q126932816", "Q2000"], ["Q16928028", "Q2000", "P31", "Q5"], ["Q126932816", "Q2000"]]: An entity. A person.
context (Q196626) Sets up an environment which is injected into contained Constructors at render time. See the documentation for Q126932816, Q1183659, Q7663702, and Q16928028 for more on operations that may be performed inside such an environment. mul
coordination (Q2630879) Base Constructor type for coordinate relations. This should not be used directly.
conjunction relation (Q135512218) Indicates that two statements contribute in the same fashion to a discourse. Examples: ["Q135512218", ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q56224063"]], ["Q124316841", ["Q108606601"], ["Q151885", "Q96895508"]]]: I am a bookkeeper, and you are a bicycle thief. References: * ⓘ Q131451335 🗏 25 ‟ Expansion.Conjunction fr , bn , br , nb
disjunction relation (Q135512347) Indicates that two statements are alternatives in some discourse. Examples: ["Q135512347", ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q56224063"]], ["Q124316841", ["Q108606601"], ["Q151885", "Q96895508"]]]: [Either] I am a bookkeeper, or you are a bicycle thief. References: * ⓘ Q131451335 🗏 25 ‟ Expansion.Disjunction fr , bn , br , nb
nominal compound (Q1995936) Base Constructor type for nominals consisting of a head and a modifier. This should not be used directly.
taxonomy relation (Q140517388) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a taxonomy relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 344 fr , bn , br
reverse taxomomy relation (Q140517401) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse taxomomy relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 344 fr , bn , br
similarity-based relation (Q126200027) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a similarity-based relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 344-345 fr , bn , br
cross-classification relation (Q126200048) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a cross-classification relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 344-345 fr , bn , br
similarity relation (Q126161585) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a similarity relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 345 fr , bn , br
coordination relation (Q126200060) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a coordination relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 345 fr , bn , br
containment relation (Q140517592) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a containment relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 345 fr , bn , br
reverse containment relation (Q140522608) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse containment relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 345 fr , bn , br
containment-based relation (Q140517410) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a containment-based relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 345-347 fr , bn , br
reverse containment-based relation (Q140517590) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse containment-based relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 345-347 fr , bn , br
possession relation (Q140517594) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a possession relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 346 fr , bn , br
partonomy relation (Q140517595) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a partonomy relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 346 fr , bn , br
location relation (Q140517597) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a location relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 346 fr , bn , br
reverse location relation (Q140522598) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse location relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 346 fr , bn , br
reverse partonomy relation (Q140522602) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse partonomy relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 346 fr , bn , br
reverse possession relation (Q140522606) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse possession relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 346 fr , bn , br
temporality relation (Q140517598) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a temporality relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 346-347 fr , bn , br
reverse temporality relation (Q140517604) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse temporality relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 346-347 fr , bn , br
composition relation (Q140517599) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a composition relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 347 fr , bn , br
topic relation (Q140517601) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a topic relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 347 fr , bn , br
reverse composition relation (Q140517602) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse composition relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 347 fr , bn , br
direction relation (Q140522618) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a direction relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 347-348 fr , bn , br
reverse direction relation (Q140522671) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse direction relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 347-348 fr , bn , br
direction-based relation (Q140517413) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a direction-based relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 347-349 fr , bn , br
reverse direction-based relation (Q140517588) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse direction-based relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 347-349 fr , bn , br
source-result relation (Q140522623) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a source-result relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 348 fr , bn , br
causation relation (Q140522627) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a causation relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 348 fr , bn , br
production relation (Q140522629) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a production relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 348 fr , bn , br
reverse production relation (Q140522655) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse production relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 348 fr , bn , br
reverse causation relation (Q140522661) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse causation relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 348 fr , bn , br
reverse source-result relation (Q140522664) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse source-result relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 348 fr , bn , br
usage relation (Q140522632) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a usage relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 348-349 fr , bn , br
reverse usage relation (Q140522648) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a reverse usage relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 348-349 fr , bn , br
function relation (Q140522643) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a function relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 349 fr , bn , br
purpose relation (Q140522646) Nominal compound in which the head and modifier are in a purpose relation. References: * ⓘ Q126124086 🗏 349 fr , bn , br
duonominal construction (Q124316813) Constructor superclass for situations when two nominals are placed in correspondence. This should not be used directly. References: * ⓘ Q124316703 § 2 🗏 2
equational construction (Q124316867) Directly equates two nominals. Examples: ["Q124316867", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q5"]]: I am a human (and no one else is). References: * ⓘ Q124316709 § 5.1.2.1.2 🗏 80
classificational construction (Q124316841) Places one nominal in a category represented by the other. Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q5"]]: I am a human [irrespective of whether others are]. References: * ⓘ Q124316709 § 5.1.2.1.2 🗏 80 fr , bn , br , nb , fa , tr
characterizational construction (Q124316943) Places a value in a category represented by a variable. Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "L1142241-S1"]]: I am the devil's aunt. References: * ⓘ Q124316709 § 5.1.2.1.3 🗏 82
specificational construction (Q124317005) Assigns, to a category represented by a variable, a value. Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q151885", "L1142241-S1"], ["Q2324479"]]: The devil's aunt is me. References: * ⓘ Q124316709 § 5.1.2.1.3 🗏 82
attributional construction (Q124317331) Ascribes an attribute to a subject. ["Q124317331", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q3142"]] → I am red. References: * ⓘ Q124316703 § 3 🗏 4 br , nb , fa , tr
locative construction (Q113623710) Constructor superclass for situations in which the main information content is the existence of a subject. This should not be used directly. References: * ⓘ Q124316703 § 4 🗏 6 ‟ Such clauses are often simply called "locative clauses", but there is another type that also contains a locative phrase and a locatum but in which the locatum is not a definite subject: the existential construction.
predlocative construction (Q124317387) Assigns some spatio-temporal relation to a subject. Examples: ["Q124317387", ["Q2324479"], ["Q202412", ["Q151885", "Q22698"]]]: I am in the park. References: * ⓘ Q124316709 § 5.1.3.2.1 🗏 94
existential construction (Q124317425) Notes that a particular subject exists in a location. Examples: ["Q124317425", ["Q151885", "Q571"], ["Q202412", ["Q151885", "Q22698"]]]: There is a book in the park. References: * ⓘ Q124316709 § 5.1.3.2.2 🗏 96
possessive (Q2105891) Constructor superclass for situations in which the main information content is the possession of something by something else. This should not be used directly. References: * ⓘ Q124316703 § 5 🗏 7 ‟ Just as "locative" is not specific enough to designate predlocative clauses (because existential clauses are about location, too), "possessive” is not specific enough, because both appertentive and predpossessive clauses are about possession. fa
predpossessive construction (Q124317525) Assigns possessor status to a subject and possessed status to an object. Examples: ["Q124317525", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q22698"]]: I have a park. References: * ⓘ Q124316703 § 5 🗏 7 nb
appertentive construction (Q124317532) Notes that a particular object is possessed by a subject. Examples: ["Q124317525", ["Q151885", "Q22698"], ["Q2324479"]]: The park is mine. References: * ⓘ Q124316709 § 5.1.3.3 🗏 100 fa
hyparctic construction (Q124317561) Notes that a particular subject exists (without regard to location). Examples: ["Q124317561", ["Q151885", "Q22698"]]: There is a park. References: * ⓘ Q124316703 § 12 🗏 19 br , fa
speaker (Q2324479) Refers to the speaker. Examples: ["Q124317331", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q59863338"]]: I am large. fr , bn , br , nb , fa , tr
listener (Q108606601) Refers to a listener. Examples: ["Q124317331", ["Q108606601"], ["Q151885", "Q59863338"]]: You are large. bn , br , nb , fa , tr
spatial relation (Q2178623) Base Constructor type for spatial relations. This should not be used directly.
subordination (Q2031017) Base Constructor type for subordinate relations. This should not be used directly.
synchronous relation (Q136509845) Indicates that one statement is happening at the same time as another. References: * ⓘ Q131451287 🗏 28 ‟ TEMPORAL:Synchrony Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q5"], ["Q136509845", ...]]: I am human while/when... nb
succession relation (Q136509911) Indicates that one statement is happening after another. References: * ⓘ Q131451287 🗏 28 ‟ TEMPORAL:Asynchronous:succession Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q5"], ["Q136509911", ...]]: I am human after... nb
precedence relation (Q136509908) Indicates that one statement is happening before another. References: * ⓘ Q131451287 🗏 28 ‟ TEMPORAL:Asynchronous:precedence Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q5"], ["Q136509908", ...]]: I am human before... nb
expectation-raiser relation (Q131451405) Indicates that an expectation raised by one statement is denied by another. References: * ⓘ Q131451287 🗏 34 ‟ COMPARISON:Concession:expectation Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q5"], ["Q131451405", ...]]: Although ..., I am human. nb
expectation-denier relation (Q131451406) Indicates that an expectation raised by one statement is denied by another. References: * ⓘ Q131451287 🗏 34 ‟ COMPARISON:Concession:contra-expectation Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q5"], ["Q131451406", ...]]: I am human, but... nb
cause-precedes-effect relation (Q136688059) Indicates that one statement is the reason or justification of another statement. References: * ⓘ Q131451287 🗏 29 ‟ CONTINGENCY:Cause:result Examples: ["Q124316841", ["Q2324479"], ["Q151885", "Q5"], ["Q136688059", ...]]: I am human, so that... nb