Hostname: page-component-6766d58669-wvcvf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-21T13:23:48.123Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The FSLN after the Debacle: The Struggle for the Definition of Sandinismo

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Andrés Pérez
Andrés Pérez*
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

…ideological rectification is worthless without corresponding practical behavior, yet without a Marxist ideological orientation positive practical behavior is insufficient.

Carlos Fonseca AmadorLast Testament

The Sandinistas celebrated their first party congress on 19 July 1991, the eleventh anniversary of the day of the “Triumph,” but this time the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) had little to celebrate and a lot to worry about. The party that once claimed so surely to be

the vanguard of the revolution … the vanguard of all Nicaraguan patriots … the vanguard of national liberation … the vanguard of the workers and peasants … the living instrument of the revolutionary classes … the guide toward a new society

was now struggling to reconstitute itself as an effective political organization after being ousted from power in 1990 by the population it claimed to represent and lead.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , Spring 1992 , pp. 111 - 140
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Barricada Internacional (1991a) “Nueva misión de la asamblea Sandinista.” 340 (August): 11.Google Scholar
Barricada Internacional (1991b) “Abriendo Brecha.” 340 (August): 3.Google Scholar
Bendaña, A. (1990a) “El problema del colapso del comunismo a nivel internacional.” Amanecer (September-October): 12–15.Google Scholar
Bendaña, A. (1990b) “A proposito de extremos y de centros: elecciones, huelgas y lucha de clases.” El Semanario (30 August-5 September): 7.Google Scholar
Blumberg, R. (1987) Organizations in Contemporary Society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Google Scholar
Borge, T. (1991) “Principal logro, la unidad.” Barricada Internacional 340 (August): 15–16.Google Scholar
Carrion, L. (1991) “El cáracter del congreso del FSLN.” La Avispa 5 (June-July): 3–7.Google Scholar
Castro, R. and Barry, D. (1990a) “Porqué el FSLN perdió el vinculo con las masas?” Pensamiento Propio 72 (July): 25–27.Google Scholar
Christian, S. (1985) Nicaragua: Revolution in the Family. New York, NY: Random House.Google Scholar
Coser, L (1956) The Functions of Social Conflict. New York, NY: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Cruz Sequeira, A. (1986) “Origines de la política exterior del frente Sandinista,” pp. 133–150 in Cruz Sequeira, A. and Velázquez, J. (eds.) Nicaragua: regresión en la revolutión. San José, Costa Rica: Libro Libre.Google Scholar
Envío (1991) “The FSLN's Dilemma: Stability at what Cost'” 120 (July): 3–9.Google Scholar
Ferrari, S. (1990a) “El debate de las ideas: los desafios futuros del Sandinismo.” El Nuevo Diario, Nuevo Amanecer Cultural (24 November): 4–5.Google Scholar
Ferrari, S. (1990b) “De la hecatombe electoral a la crisis del Sandinismo.” Crítica (June): 10–13 Google Scholar
Ferrari, S. and Gómez, A. (1990) “De la oposición política a la reconquista electoral del poder.” Nuevo Diario, Nuevo Amanecer Cultural (4 August): 8.Google Scholar
Fonseca Amador, C. (1985) “Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional,” pp. 267–269 in Instituto de Estudio del Sandinismo (ed.) El Sandinismo: documentos basicos. Managua, Nicaragua: Editorial Nueva Nicaragua.Google Scholar
Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) (1990) “Resoluciones de la asamblea nacional de militantes del FSLN en el Crucero, Departamento de Managua. (17 June). Managua, Nicaragua: FSLN.Google Scholar
Gleijeses, P. (1984) “Nicaragua: Resist Romanticism.” Foreign Policy 54: 122–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassan, M. (1991) “El frente en la hora cero.” La Prensa (Interna-cional) (18 January): 9A.Google Scholar
Heffron, F. (1989) Organization Theory and Public Organizations: The Political Connection. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Henriquez, P. (1991) “La juventud Sandinista en la UNEN” (interview). Ventana 476 (July): 5–6.Google Scholar
Hernandez, P. (1982) El FSLN por dentro. San José, Costa Rica: Talleres Graficos de Trejos Hermanos.Google Scholar
Hodges, D. (1986) Intellectual Foundations of the Nicaraguan Revolution. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Lnvernizzi, G., Pisani, F., and Ceberio, J. (1986) Sandinistas: entre-vistas a Humberto Ortega Saavedra, Jaime Wheelock Román, and Bayardo Arce. Managua, Nicaragua: Editorial Vanguardia.Google Scholar
Jarquín, E. (1990) “El FSLN y el modelo neoliberal.” El Nuevo Diario, Nuevo Amanecer Cultural (25 August): 7.Google Scholar
Lopez, A. (1983) “Marxismo y Sandinismo.” Encuentro 19: 81–88.Google Scholar
Lopez, F. (1990) “Reconciliación o lucha de clases.” Crítica 2 (July): 66–68.Google Scholar
Lopez, F. (1982) Sandinistas Speak. New York, NY: Pathfinder Press.Google Scholar
Martinez, A. (1991) “No tengamos miedo a decir socialismo” (interview with Rosario Murillo). Ventana 476 (July): 18–24.Google Scholar
Mintzberg, H. (1983) Power in and around Organizations. Engle-wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Mullins, W. (1972) “On the Concept of Ideology in Political Science.” The American Political Science Review 99, 2 (June): 498–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(The) New York Times (1989) “Ortega Unveils Austerity Plan for Nicaragua.” (31 January): 1–1.Google Scholar
Nicaragua. (1980) ¿Qué es el plan 1980? Managua, Nicaragua: Ministerio de Planificacion.Google Scholar
Nolan, D. (1984) FSLN: The Ideology of the Sandinistas and the Nicaraguan Revolution. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami, Institute of Interamerican Studies.Google Scholar
Ortega, D. (1991a) “Informe central de la dirección nacional del FSLN.” Primer congreso del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional Carlos Nuiiez Tellez (19 July). Managua, Nicaragua.Google Scholar
Ortega, D. (1991b) “Defender nuestro derecho a la rebelion” (interview with Gabriela Selser). Barricada Internacional (Julio): 22–27.Google Scholar
Ortega, H. (1990a) “Los Sandinistas históricos deben retirarse y el sandinismo cambiar” (interview with Yasmín Ross). El Nuevo Diario (14 September): 3.Google Scholar
Ortega, H. (1990b) Interview with Antonio Ybarra Rojas, 20 de agosto, Managua. Managua, Nicaragua: publicatión de la Dirección de Relaciones Publicas del Ejercito Popular Sandinista.Google Scholar
Ortega, H. (1980) “La insurrection nacional victoriosa” (interview with Marta Harnecker). Nicaraguac 1 (mayo-junio): 24–57.Google Scholar
Perez, A. (1991) “Henry L. Stimson: The Historical and Political Significance of his Mission,” pp. 65–101 in Beoker, Paul H., Brinkley, Alain, and Perez, Andres (eds.) Henry L. Stimson's American Policy in Nicaragua. New York, NY: Markus Wiener Publishing, Inc. Google Scholar
Perrow, C. (1961) “The Analysis of Goals in Complex Organizations.” American Sociological Review 26, 6 (December): 854–866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prado, S. (1991) “Revolution no es asimilacion.” El Semanario 48 (14 August): 7.Google Scholar
(La) Prensa (1991a) “Tiro de gracia a la piñata.” (12 July): 1.Google Scholar
(La) Prensa (1991b) “Destapan piñata agraria.” (28 June): 1.Google Scholar
(La) Prensa Internacional (1992) “Radicales contra el General Ortega.” (24 January): 3-A.Google Scholar
(La) Prensa Internacional (1991a) “FSLN descalifica al FNT?” (15 March): IB.Google Scholar
(La) Prensa Internacional (1991b) “Sandinistas deben elegir nueva directiva.” (8 February): 5-A.Google Scholar
(La) Prensa Internacional (1991c) “Pugna interna crece en el Sandinismo.” (25January): 1-B.Google Scholar
(La) Prensa Internacional (1991d) “Rafael Solís abre discusión entre Sandinistas.” (4 January): 1-A.Google Scholar
Ramírez, S. (1991a) “Sergio Ramírez: la novela, la politica, la vida, una revolucion permanente” (interview with Rosario Murillo). Ventana 478 (15 July): 2–14.Google Scholar
Ramírez, S. (1991b) Confesion de amor. Managua, Nicaragua: Ediciones Nicarao.Google Scholar
Ruiz, H. (1990) “Democratizacion del Frente Sandinista de Liberation Nacional (FSLN).” Amanecer 69 (September-October): 15–17.Google Scholar
Ruiz, H. (1980) “La montaña era como un crisol donde se forjaban los mejores cuadros” (interview with Xavier Arguello and Marlene Chow). Nicaraguac 1 (mayo-junio): 10–24.Google Scholar
Saballos, E. (1990) “Tiempo de reflexion.” Pensamiento Propio 69 (abril): 33–34.Google Scholar
Sargent, L. (1978) Contemporary Political Ideologies. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.Google Scholar
Schurmann, F (1971) Ideology and Organization in Communist China. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1955) Conflict (translated by Kurt H. Wolff). Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Suarez, R. (1992) “Radicales contra el General Ortega.” La Prensa Internacional (24 January): 3-A.Google Scholar
Tellez, F. (1991) “Sondeo de opinión a la base Sandinista sobre el primer congreso del FSLN.” La Avispa 5 (junio-julio): 55–64.Google Scholar
Tirado Lopez, V. (1991) “Revolucion es creatividad.” El Semanario 47 (August): 8–9.Google Scholar
Tirado Lopez, V. (1986) “Nuestro socialismo.” Revista Nicaragiiense de Ciencias Sociales 1 (September): 27–30.Google Scholar
Valenta, J. and Valenta, V. (1987) “The FSLN in Power,” pp. 3–40 in Valenta, J. and Durán, E. (eds.) Conflict in Nicaragua: A Multidimensional Perspective. Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Vargas, O. (1991) Adonde va Nicaragua: perspectivas de una revolucion latinoamericana. Managua, Nicaragua: Ediciones Nicarao.Google Scholar
Velázquez, J. (1986) Nicaragua: sociedad civil y dictadura. San José, Costa Rica: Libro Libre.Google Scholar
Wheelock, J. (1978) Imperialismo y dictadura. México (DF), México: Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Ybarra-Rojas, A. (1988) “The Changing Role of Revolutionary Violence in Nicaragua,” pp. 56–77 in Radu, Michael (ed.) Violence and the Latin American Revolutionaries. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.Google Scholar