Abstract
Freshwater biodiversity is rapidly declining worldwide, especially in tropical island environments which appear to be particularly vulnerable to alien species. Monitoring biodiversity using effective methods is crucial for conservation efforts. This study aims to examine the capacity of the eDNA-based method to provide accurate measures of fish and crustacean biodiversity, and how it can be implemented in the French West Indies. To this end, we conducted eDNA and electric fishing capture-based surveys in parallel, both upstream and downstream, in nine Guadeloupean rivers and during two different seasons. While both methods were congruent in terms of species richness and composition, the eDNA-based method generally exhibited greater efficacy and reliability in assessing biodiversity. The exception to this trend was observed during the second campaign for the crustacean community. The quantitative data (the numbers of individuals and percentages of sequences) also proved to be uncorrelated for crustaceans during the second campaign, indicating that further knowledge of crustacean biology is needed. Nevertheless, the eDNA-based method was able to detect the presence of alien, rare and cryptic species, showing that it can be used in tropical island conditions for biodiversity assessment or conservation purposes.
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Data availability
The fish and crustacean biometric data sets (including species name, quantity, weight and size) generated and analysed during this study are available in the Karunati regional repository: https://karunati.fr/. Sequences for the reference databases and all Illumina raw sequences data are available on figshare, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23608056 (Campaign 1), https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23608158 (Campaign 2) (Li, 2018).
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Acknowledgements
This work would not have been possible without the contributions of the National Park Officers. We would like to thank Pierre Taberlet for the design of the Pleo primers, Jonathan Grondin and the SPYGEN staff for their help with the eDNA laboratory analyses. We would also like to thank Laila Ait-Hassou for her advice on the statistical analyses and the three anonymous reviewers for their very useful and constructive comments.
Funding
This research received funding from the European Regional Development Fund under Grant Agreement No. 2016-FED-331 and from the Guadeloupean Water Office under Agreement No. 160.
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Estelle Lefrancois, Marion Labeille, Marie Robert and Alice Valentini developed the study. Estelle Lefrancois, Marion Labeille, Joévin Marquès and Marie Robert performed the field sampling. Alice Valentini supervised the eDNA analysis. Estelle Lefrancois, Joévin Marquès and Alice Valentini conducted the statistical analyses and drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.
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AV is a Research Scientist in a private company specialising in the use of eDNA for biodiversity monitoring, with some patented technologies (SPYGEN). The other authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
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Fieldworks were conducted under the responsibility of Marie Robert and Marion Labeille, who are permitted to practice electric fishing. All the manipulations (individual capture, electric fishing and water filtration) that were carried out in the National Park during this project were authorised by decrees: Nagoya protocol: décision du 5 avril 2018 portant sur l’accès aux ressources génétiques sur le territoire national et le partage des avantages découlant de leur utilisation (NOR: TREL1734890A/7). Practice of electric fishing: arrêté DEAL/RN 971-2019-04-01-001 du 01 avril 2019 portant autorisation de campagnes de pêches électriques sur les cours d’eau de la Guadeloupe dans le cadre des suivis scientifiques mis en œuvre par le Parc national de la Guadeloupe. Destruction of invasive alien species: arrêté DEAL/RN 971-2019-02-22-001 du 22 février 2019 autorisant le Parc national de Guadeloupe à procéder à des opérations de captures et de destructions de spécimens d’espèce exotique envahissante de la faune sauvage d’eau douce dans le cadre du projet Guad3E qui vise à tester l’efficacité de la nouvelle méthode d’inventaire par ADNe sous les latitudes tropicales. Protected area national park regulations: arrêté n°18-69 relatif à des prélèvements de tissus et d’ADN de poissons et crustacés dans les cours d’eau en cœur de Parc national dans le cadre du projet Guad3E.
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Lefrancois, E., Labeille, M., Marquès, J. et al. Validation of an eDNA-based method for surveying fish and crustacean communities in the rivers of the French West Indies. Hydrobiologia 851, 3249–3269 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-024-05476-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-024-05476-8