Abstract
Growth and the production of volatile sesquiterpenoids by a chlorophyllous cell suspension culture from gametophytes of C. granulata, a leafy liverwort, were examined. Glucose was more effective than 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for callus induction, and elimination of glucose from the medium resulted in prompt redifferentiation of plantlets. The cells grew photoheterotrophically, but not in the dark. 1,4-Dimethylazulene, a trinorsesquiterpenoid, was produced as the major volatile sesquiterpenoid in the cultured cells; bicyclogermacrene, compound II, an indene-type aldehyde (a trinorsesquiterpenoid aldehyde), compound I and tetrahydro-1,4-dimethylazulene (a trinorsesquiterpenoid) followed in decreasing order. The azulene was produced both in light and the dark, and its yield was proportional to the growth in light. The yield in light was four times higher than that in the dark. The content of 1,4-dimethylazulene was 0.9–10.% and that of total essential oils was 2.0–3.3% of the dry werght of the cultured cells. The quantity, quality, and proportions of the volatile sesquiterpenoids of the cell culture were almost equal to those of intact (original) plants and redifferentiated plantlets.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Al-Abta, S., Galpin, I.J., Collin, H.A. (1979) Flavour compounds in tissue cultures of celery. Plant Sci. Lett. 16, 129–134
Allison, A.J., Butcher, D.N., Connolly, J.D., Overton, K.H. (1968) Paniculides A, B, and C, bisabolenoid lactones from tissue cultures of Andrographis paniculata. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm. 1493
Allsopp, A. (1957) Controlled differentiation in cultures of two liverworts. Nature 179, 681–682
Asakawa, Y., Aratani, T. (1977) Physiological active substances found in bryophytes. Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 7, 144–152
Asakawa, Y., Tokunaga, N., Takemoto, T., Hattori, S., Mizutani, M., Suire, C. (1980) Chemosystematics of bryophytes. IV. The distribution of terpenoids and aromatic compounds in hepaticae and anthocerotae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 47, 153–164
Banthorpe, D.V., Charlwood, B.V. (1980) The terpenoids. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, N.S., vol. 8, pp. 185–220, Bell, E.A., Charlwood, B.V., eds. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Banthorpe, D.V., Wirz-Justice, A. (1972) Terpene biosynthesis. VI. Monoterpenes and carotenoids in tissue culture of Tanacetum vulgare L. J. Chem. Soc. Parkin I, 1769–1772
Bricout, J., Garcia-Rodriguez, M.J., Paupardin, C., Saussay, R. (1978) Biosynthesis of monoterpenes by tissues of some species of Mentha cultivated in vitro. C. R. Acad. Sci. 287D, 611–613
Butcher, D.N., Connolly, J.D. (1971) An investigation of factors which influence the production of abnormal terpenoids by callus cultures of Andrographis paniculata Nees. J. Exp. Bot. 22, 314–322
Cashyap, M.M., Kueh, J.S.H., Mackenzie, I.A., Pattenden, G. (1978) In vitro synthesis of pyrethrins from tissue cultures of Tanacetum cinerariifolium. Phytochemistry 17, 544–545
Corduan, G., Reinhard, E. (1972) Synthesis of volatile oilds in tissue cultures of Ruta graveolens. Phytochemistry 11, 917–922
Croteau, R. (1977) Site of monoterpene biosynthesis in Majorana hortensis leaves. Plant Physiol. 59, 519–520
Érsek, T., Sziráki, I. (1979) Induction of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins in potato tissue culture. Növenytermeles 28, 225–229
Galatis, B., Apostolakos, P., Katsaros, Chr. (1978) Ultrastructural studies on the oil bodies of Marchantia paleaceae Bert. 1. Early stages of oil-body cell differentiation: Origination of the oil body. Can. J. Bot. 56, 2252–2267
Hart, J.W., Woodcock, G.J., Wilson, L. (1970) Culture and sesquiterpene analysis of cells and regenerated plantlet of Pogostemon cablin. Ann. Bot. 34, 789–798
Hayashi, S., Matsuo, A. (1975) Chemistry of sesquiterpenoids from liverworts. Hikobia (Hiroshima, Japan) 7, 125–152
Huneck, S. (1972) Neue Ergebnisse zur Chemie der Moose, eine Übersicht, 3. J Hattori Bot. Lab. 36, 1–11
Inoue, H. (1968) A new species of Calypogeia Raddi. J. Jpn. Bot. 43, 468–472
Iwamura, T., Nagai, H., Ichimura, S. (1970) Improved methods for determining contents of chlorophyll, protein, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid in planktonic populations. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 55, 131–147
Katoh, K., Ishikawa, M., Miyake, K., Ohta, Y., Hirose, Y., Iwamura, T. (1980) Nutritional utilization and requirement under photoheterotrophic growth of Marchantia polymorpha: Improvement of the culture medium. Physiol. Plant 49, 241–247
Kireyeva, S.A., Melnikov, V.N., Reznikova, S.A., Meshcheryakova, N.I. (1978) Accumulation of essential oil in the callus culture of peppermint. Fiziol. Rast. (Moscow). 25, 564–570
Lang, E., Hörster, H. (1977) An Zucker gebundene regulär Monoterpene. II. Untersuchungen zur Ölbuldung und Akkumulation ätherischer Öle in Ocimum basilicium Zellkulturen. Planta Med. 31, 112–118
Lorber, P., Muller, W.H. (1976) Volatile growth inhibitors produced by Salvia leucophylla: Effect on seedling root tip ultrastructure. Am. J. Bot. 63, 196–200
Markham, K.R., Porter, L.J. (1978) Chemical constituents of the bryophytes. In: Progress in phytochemistry, vol. 5, pp. 181–272, Reinhold, L., Horborne, J.B., Swain, T., eds. Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sydney, Paris, Frankfurt
Meuch, D., Huneck, S. (1966) Inhaltsstoffe der Moose, II. Azulene aus Calypogeia trichomanis (L.) Corda. Chem. Ber. 99, 2669–2674
Nishimura, K., Shinoda, N., Hirose, Y. (1969) A new sesquiterpene, bicyclogermacrene. Tetrahedron Lett. 36, 3097–3100
Ôba, K., Uritani, I. (1979) Biosynthesis of furano-terpenes by sweet potato cell culture. Plant Cell Physiol. 20, 819–826
Ohta, Y., Andersen, N.H., Liu, C. (1977) Sesquiterpene constituents of two liverworts of genus Diplophyllum. Tetrahedron 33, 619–628
Ono, K. (1973) Callus formation in liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Jpn. J. Genetics 48, 69–70
Paupardin, C. (1976) Differentiation of a secretory tissue and essential oil formation by plant tissues cultivated in vitro. C. R. Congr. Natl. Soc. Savant., Sci. 101, 619–628
Sugisawa, H., Ohnishi, Y. (1976) Isolation and identification of monoterpenes from cultured cells of perilla plant. Agric. Biol. Chem. 40, 231–232
Szöke, É., Shavarda, A.L., Verzár-Petri, G., Kuzovkia, I.N. (1979) Effect of growth regulators and light on essential oil synthesis in camomile tissue cultures. Herba Hung. 18, 7–19
Takeda, R., Ohta, Y., Hirose, Y. (1980) (+)-β-Frullanolide and (+)-brothenolide, two new sesquiterpene lactones from the liverwort Frullania brotheri Step. Chem. Lett. (Tokyo) 1461–1464
Tamiya, H., Iwamura, T., Shibata, K., Hase, E., Nihei, T. (1953) Correlation between photosynthesis and light-dependent metabolism in the growth of Chlorella. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 12, 23–40
Tanaka, R., Koga, I. (1972) Karyological studies on Lentinus edodes, a basidiomycete. J. Jpn. Bot. 47, 289–296
Tomita, Y., Uomori, A., Minato, H. (1969) Sesquiterpenes and phytosterols in the tissue cultures of Lindera strychnifolia. Phytochemistry 8, 2249–2252
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Previous name: Institute of Food Chemistry
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Takeda, R., Katoh, K. Growth and sesquiterpenoid production by Calypogeia granulata inoue cells in suspension culture. Planta 151, 525–530 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387429
Received:
Accepted:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00387429