✅ What is Software Testing?
Software Testing is the process of evaluating a software application to ensure it functions as expected and is free of defects. It involves verifying (does it do what it's supposed to?) and validating (does it meet the user’s needs?) the software.
In simple terms, software testing ensures quality before the software reaches users.
🎯 Why is Software Testing Important?
Detects bugs early
Ensures user satisfaction
Improves product quality
Reduces post-release risks
Saves time and cost in the long run
🧰 Types of Software Testing
🔹 1. Manual Testing
Testing performed without any automation tools. Testers execute test cases manually.
Best for: Exploratory testing, usability testing
Tools: TestRail, Jira (for tracking)
🔹 2. Automation Testing
Tests are executed using scripts and tools. Helps in repeated, high-volume testing.
Best for: Regression, performance, smoke testing
Tools: Selenium, Appium, Cypress
🔹 3. Functional Testing
Tests the functional requirements of the system — "What the system should do."
Examples: Login functionality, payment processing
🔹 4. Non-Functional Testing
Tests the performance, usability, security, etc. — "How the system performs."
Examples: Load testing, stress testing, security testing
🧪 Common Types of Testing Techniques
Testing Type Description
Smoke Testing Quick test to check if the build is stable
Sanity Testing Focused check after minor changes
Regression Testing Ensures new code hasn't broken existing features
Integration Testing Verifies data flow between modules
System Testing Tests the whole system as one
Acceptance Testing Validates end-to-end flow; usually done by the client
Exploratory Testing No scripts; tester explores the app based on intuition and experience
🏗️ Software Testing Models
🔸 1. Waterfall Model
Sequential phases: Requirements → Design → Development → Testing → Release
Simple, but hard to adapt once development starts
🔸 2. V-Model (Validation & Verification Model)
Testing happens in parallel with development stages
Each dev phase has a corresponding test phase
🔸 3. Agile Model
Software is developed in iterations (sprints)
Testing is continuous and collaborative with development
🔸 4. DevOps Model
Combines development, testing, and operations
Focus on CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Deployment)
🧠 Conclusion
Software testing is not just about finding bugs — it's about delivering quality software that works seamlessly and provides a good user experience.
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