*Memos:
- My post explains a function.
- My post explains parameters and arguments in function.
- My post explains positional-only parameters in function.
- My post explains positional-only parameters and keyword-only parameters together in function.
You can set keyword-only parameters for a function as shown below:
*Memos:
- A keyword-only parameter is the parameter which only accepts a keyword argument.
- All the parameters after
*are keyword-only parameters. - Keyword-only parameters are added from Python 3.0.
- The doc officially says keyword-only arguments but they're actually keyword-only parameters.
The parameters without default values:
def func(fname, lname, *, age, gender): pass
def func(*, fname, lname, age, gender): pass
# No error
def func(fname, *, lname, age, *, gender): pass
# SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once
def func(fname, lname, age, gender, *): pass
# SyntaxError: named arguments must follow bare *
def func(fname, lname, *, age, gender):
print(fname, lname, age, gender)
func("John", "Smith", age=36, gender="Male")
func("John", "Smith", **{"age":36, "gender":"Male"})
func("John", "Smith", gender="Male", age=36)
func("John", "Smith", **{"gender":"Male", "age":36})
func(fname="John", lname="Smith", age=36, gender="Male")
func(**{"fname":"John", "lname":"Smith", "age":36, "gender":"Male"})
func(age=36, gender="Male", fname="John", lname="Smith")
func(**{"age":36, "gender":"Male", "fname":"John", "lname":"Smith"})
# John Smith 36 Male
func("John", "Smith", 36, "Male")
# TypeError: func() takes 2 positional arguments but 4 were given
def func(*, fname, lname, age, gender):
print(fname, lname, age, gender)
func(fname="Anna", lname="Brown", age=27, gender="Female")
func(**{"fname":"Anna", "lname":"Brown", "age":27, "gender":"Female"})
func(age=27, gender="Female", fname="Anna", lname="Brown")
func(**{"age":27, "gender":"Female", "fname":"Anna", "lname":"Brown"})
# Anna Brown 27 Female
func("Anna", "Brown", 27, "Female")
# TypeError: func() takes 0 positional arguments but 4 were given
The parameters with default values:
def func(fname="John", lname="Smith", *, age=36, gender="Male"): pass
def func(*, fname="John", lname="Smith", age=36, gender="Male"): pass
# No error
def func(fname="John", *, lname="Smith", age=36, *, gender="Male"): pass
# SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once
def func(fname="John", lname="Smith", age=36, gender="Male", *): pass
# SyntaxError: named arguments must follow bare *
def func(fname="John", lname="Smith", *, age=36, gender="Male"):
print(fname, lname, age, gender)
func()
# John Smith 36 Male
func("Anna", "Brown", age=27, gender="Female")
func("Anna", "Brown", **{"age":27, "gender":"Female"})
func("Anna", "Brown", gender="Female", age=27)
func("Anna", "Brown", **{"gender":"Female", "age":27})
func(fname="Anna", lname="Brown", age=27, gender="Female")
func(**{"fname":"Anna", "lname":"Brown", "age":27, "gender":"Female"})
func(age=27, gender="Female", fname="Anna", lname="Brown")
func(**{"age":27, "gender":"Female", "fname":"Anna", "lname":"Brown"})
# Anna Brown 27 Female
func("Anna", "Brown", 27, "Female")
# TypeError: func() takes from 0 to 2 positional arguments but 4 were given
def func(*, fname="John", lname="Smith", age=36, gender="Male"):
print(fname, lname, age, gender)
func()
# John Smith 36 Male
func(fname="Anna", lname="Brown", age=27, gender="Female")
func(**{"fname":"Anna", "lname":"Brown", "age":27, "gender":"Female"})
func(age=27, gender="Female", fname="Anna", lname="Brown")
func(**{"age":27, "gender":"Female", "fname":"Anna", "lname":"Brown"})
# Anna Brown 27 Female
func("Anna", "Brown", 27, "Female")
# TypeError: func() takes 0 positional arguments but 4 were given
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