Axum
Axum,nyɛla bɛ ni lahi sabiri shɛli Aksum (/ˈɑːksuːm/ (
listen)), ka di nyɛ tiŋ'shɛli din be Tigray Region, Ethiopia ka di daadam biɛlim kalinli nyɛ tuhi pihiyɔbu ni ayɔbu ni kɔbisiwɔi (yuuni 2015).[1] Di nyɛla taarihi sheei n-ti Aksumite Empire.[2]
| Tiŋa | Ethiopia  |
|---|---|
| Capital of | Kingdom of Aksum |
| Din be shɛli polona | Axum town |
| Tiŋgbaŋ yaɣili calinli | 14°7′18″N 38°43′53″E, 14°7′30″N 38°43′17″E |
| Yaɣa din laɣim taba | Denver |
| Heritage designation | World Heritage Site |
| World Heritage soli | (i), (iv) |
| Lihigu pubu | Category:Views of Aksum |
Axum bela Central Zone din be Tigray Region, ka miri Adwa zoya ni. Di malila dum kamani 2,131 metres (6,991 feet) ka La'ilay Maychew gili li, din nyɛ "woreda of the Tigray region" gba ni su shɛli.
Yuuni 1980, UNESCO daa zaŋla Axum pahi World Heritage Sites pirim la dini mali taarihi shɛli maa zuɣu. Pɔi ka "Tigray War" daa naan yi ŋme yuuni 2020, Axum daa nyɛla ninliha lihibu shee n-ti saamba.[3]
Taarihi
mali niŋ20th century
mali niŋ
Aksumite yaɣ'shɛŋa din kpalim nyɛla bɛ ni daa niŋ vihigu jendi shɛli yuuni 1906, ŋun daa niŋ lala vihigu ŋɔ n daa nyɛ Enno Littmann ŋun daa nyɛ German nira.[4][5][6]
Ethiopian Civil War ni, Anashaara goli 30 March yuuni 1989, Axum daa nyɛla bɛ ni bompi shɛli, Ethiopian Air Force mini niriba ata n daa kpi din ni.[7]
21st century
mali niŋClimate
mali niŋ| Climate data for Axum | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 25.9 (78.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.0 (80.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.1 (64.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
8.4 (47.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
12.6 (54.7) |
11.1 (52.0) |
9.6 (49.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
6.7 (44.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3 (0.1) |
2 (0.1) |
9 (0.4) |
27 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
67 (2.6) |
221 (8.7) |
199 (7.8) |
67 (2.6) |
12 (0.5) |
13 (0.5) |
1 (0.0) |
652 (25.6) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org (altitude: 2133m)[9] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
mali niŋ- Abune Mathias (b.in Sebuha yuuni 1941)
- Abay Tsehaye (yuuni 1953 ni hali ni yuuni 2021)
- Zera Yacob (yuuni 1599 ni hali ni yuuni 1692)
- Zeresenay Alemseged (b. Yuuni 1969)A
Anfooninima
mali niŋ
Reconstruction of Dungur
Dungur
Dungur
Dungur, with the Gudit stelae field immediately beyond it
Model of the Ta'akha Maryam palace.
Aksumite water-spouts in the shape of lion heads.
Aksumite jar with figural spout.
Tombs beneath the stele field.
Entrance to the Tomb of the False Door.
The Stelae Park in Axum.
Small stelae in the Gudit Stelae Field
Another stelae field in Axum.
Axum stele in a farmer's field
Street in Axum
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Lihi pahi
mali niŋLua bi niŋ dede:bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal')
Noosi
mali niŋ- ↑ City Population.
- ↑ Axum (en). UNESCO.
- ↑ Kristos, Mihret G (2023-05-26). Analysis: Axum, Ethiopia’s top tourist destination reels from impacts of devastating war (en-US).
- ↑ Pankhurst, Richard (1982). History of Ethiopian towns from the mid 19th century to 1935. p. 79.
- 1 2 "Ethiopia unveils ancient obelisk". BBC News. 4 September 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7597589.stm.
- ↑ The Reinstallation of the Axum Obelisk. UNESCO (10 October 2008).
- ↑ Human Rights Watch, 24 July 1991: ETHIOPIA - "Mengistu has Decided to Burn Us like Wood" - Bombing of Civilians and Civilian Targets by the Air Force
- ↑ The Reinstallation of the Axum Obelisk. UNESCO (10 October 2008).
- ↑ A chirim ya: Invalid
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Kundivihira
mali niŋKarim pahi
mali niŋ- Francis Anfray. Les anciens ethiopiens. Paris: Armand Colin, 1991.
- Yuri M. Kobishchanov. Axum (Joseph W. Michels, editor; Lorraine T. Kapitanoff, translator). University Park, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania, 1979. ISBN 0-271-00531-9
- David W. Phillipson. Ancient Ethiopia. Aksum: Its antecedents and successors. London: The British Museum, 1998.
- David W. Phillipson. Archaeology at Aksum, Ethiopia, 1993–7. London: British Institute in Eastern Africa, 2000. ISBN 1-872566-13-8
- Stuart Munro-Hay. Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press. 1991. ISBN 0-7486-0106-6 online edition
- Stuart Munro-Hay. Excavations at Aksum: An account of research at the ancient Ethiopian capital directed in 1972-74 by the late Dr Nevill Chittick London: British Institute in Eastern Africa, 1989 ISBN 0-500-97008-4
- Sergew Hable Sellassie. Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History to 1270 Addis Ababa: United Printers, 1972.
- African Zion, the Sacred Art of Ethiopia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.
- J. Theodore Bent. The Sacred City of the Ethiopians: Being a Record of Travel and Research in Abyssinia in 1893. London: Longmans, Green and Co, 1894. online edition