Alchemy

ensemble of protoscientific, philosophic and esoteric speculations and experiences, which investigate the transmutation of matter and the functioning of the cosmos

Alchemy is an early protoscientific practice combining elements of chemistry, physics, astrology, art, semiotics, metallurgy, medicine, mysticism, and religion. Alchemy can be regarded as the precursor of the modern science of chemistry prior to the formulation of the scientific method.