Why is the finalize() Method in java.lang.Object Declared as Protected?

What is the reason for the finalize() method in java.lang.Object being declared as protected?

The finalize() method in Java is an important component related to garbage collection, allowing developers to define cleanup actions before an object is garbage collected. However, it is declared as protected due to several design considerations in the Java language.

Causes

• Java promotes encapsulation and limiting visibility of methods that are not intended to be universally accessible.
• By making finalize() protected, it ensures that it can only be accessed within the same package or by subclasses, preventing misuse of the method inappropriately from outside these scopes.
• This decision encourages cleaner design patterns by discouraging reliance on the finalize() method, which promotes better resource management techniques.

Solutions

• Instead of using finalize(), developers are encouraged to use try-with-resources and AutoCloseable for managing resources such as files and network connections.
• For finalization of non-memory resources, using explicit cleanup methods is recommended over relying on finalize().
• Keep track of resource management within the logic of program design to prevent memory leaks or resource starvation.

Mistake: Overriding finalize() inappropriately or without careful planning can lead to unexpected behavior.

Solution: Ensure that finalize() is only overridden when necessary, and consider the implications of the timing of cleanup in the garbage collection cycle.

Mistake: Relying solely on finalize() for releasing resources instead of using more dependable resource management practices.

Solution: Develop a clear strategy for resource management that avoids finalize() where possible, leveraging alternative designs.