{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411725622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043810","title":"An SRAM-based Stochastic Number Generator for Stochastic Computing","display_name":"An SRAM-based Stochastic Number Generator for Stochastic Computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411725622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043810","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101555571","display_name":"Heng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-0138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University,School of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University,School of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104300163","display_name":"Zhengkun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8552-9268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengkun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University,School of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University,School of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329646","display_name":"Tingting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-8167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Edmonton,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Edmonton,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005550142","display_name":"Jie Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-4994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Edmonton,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Edmonton,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048694178","display_name":"Yumeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-4470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yumeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University,School of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University,School of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005839811","display_name":"Siting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-8183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University,School of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University,School of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6959990859031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.6098666191101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.5530680418014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5431761145591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.44944077730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4320451319217682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.4207625389099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19767063856124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19531887769699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14262208342552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.10471966862678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10043701529502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08677878975868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.0686163604259491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6959990859031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.6098666191101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.5530680418014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5431761145591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.44944077730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4320451319217682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.4207625389099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19767063856124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19531887769699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14262208342552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.10471966862678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10043701529502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08677878975868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0686163604259491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043810","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325651","display_name":"Alberta Innovates","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010588734","https://openalex.org/W2055341514","https://openalex.org/W2082384543","https://openalex.org/W2098470668","https://openalex.org/W2101765144","https://openalex.org/W2113310226","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2135163821","https://openalex.org/W2139280266","https://openalex.org/W2151770284","https://openalex.org/W2614053718","https://openalex.org/W2794935685","https://openalex.org/W2806185338","https://openalex.org/W2921525502","https://openalex.org/W2938847643","https://openalex.org/W3001688831","https://openalex.org/W3009697324","https://openalex.org/W3049743334","https://openalex.org/W3090420559","https://openalex.org/W3091388654","https://openalex.org/W3093351105","https://openalex.org/W3097484922","https://openalex.org/W3161984469","https://openalex.org/W4289821348","https://openalex.org/W4309799843","https://openalex.org/W4380520345","https://openalex.org/W4387010539","https://openalex.org/W4401568840","https://openalex.org/W4402592854","https://openalex.org/W4404133584","https://openalex.org/W6678143912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3029791221","https://openalex.org/W4386651365","https://openalex.org/W2787807455","https://openalex.org/W1486556453","https://openalex.org/W4307182166","https://openalex.org/W4307182194","https://openalex.org/W4377969730","https://openalex.org/W2077305581","https://openalex.org/W4386352477","https://openalex.org/W4392980867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stochastic":[0],"computing":[1],"(SC)":[2],"features":[3],"a":[4,19,25,92,108,145,184,192],"unique":[5],"number":[6,40],"representation,":[7],"where":[8],"real":[9],"values":[10],"are":[11,43],"encoded":[12],"by":[13,81,91],"the":[14,57,63,83,104,139,157,203],"probability":[15],"of":[16,53,59,66,86,159,191],"\"1\"s":[17],"in":[18],"random":[20,79],"binary":[21],"bit":[22],"stream":[23],"or":[24],"stochastic":[26,39,47],"sequence.":[27],"It":[28,77,96],"enables":[29],"hardware-efficient":[30],"arithmetic":[31],"circuit":[32],"designs":[33],"with":[34,198],"simple":[35],"logic":[36],"gates.":[37],"However,":[38],"generators":[41],"(SNGs)":[42],"required":[44],"to":[45,156,189],"produce":[46],"sequences.":[48],"The":[49],"high":[50],"hardware":[51,64],"cost":[52,65],"an":[54,67,71,130],"SNG":[55,73,106],"offsets":[56],"advantage":[58],"SC.":[60,101],"To":[61],"reduce":[62],"SNG,":[68],"we":[69],"propose":[70],"SRAM-based":[72,105],"using":[74,112],"voltage":[75],"under-scaling.":[76],"generates":[78],"bits":[80],"leveraging":[82],"access":[84],"instability":[85],"selected":[87],"SRAM":[88],"cells,":[89],"induced":[90],"reduced":[93],"supply":[94],"voltage.":[95],"is":[97,195],"suitable":[98],"for":[99],"energy-efficient":[100],"We":[102],"implemented":[103],"on":[107],"Xilinx":[109],"ZC702":[110],"FPGA":[111],"block":[113],"RAMs":[114],"and":[115,129,170,200,208],"evaluated":[116],"its":[117],"performance":[118],"across":[119],"multiple":[120],"SC":[121],"applications,":[122],"including":[123],"finite-state":[124],"machine-based":[125],"tanh":[126,140],"function":[127],"generation":[128],"Ising":[131],"machine":[132],"that":[133,190],"solves":[134],"max-cut":[135],"problems":[136],"(MCPs).":[137],"For":[138,182],"function,":[141],"our":[142],"design":[143,194,205],"achieves":[144],"comparable":[146,188],"mean-squared":[147],"error":[148],"(MSE)":[149],"(8.7":[150],"\u00d7":[151,166,177],"10<sup":[152,167,178],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[153,168,179],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u22123</sup>)":[154],"compared":[155],"use":[158],"traditional":[160],"SNGs,":[161],"such":[162],"as":[163],"Sobol-":[164],"(4.67":[165],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u22122</sup>)":[169,180],"linear":[171],"feedback":[172],"shift":[173],"register":[174],"(LFSR)-based":[175],"(1.53":[176],"ones.":[181],"MCPs,":[183],"maximum":[185],"cut":[186],"value":[187],"cutting-edge":[193],"achieved.":[196],"Compared":[197],"LFSR-":[199],"Sobol-based":[201],"designs,":[202],"proposed":[204],"consumes":[206],"84.3%":[207],"92.5%":[209],"less":[210],"energy,":[211],"respectively.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}