{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367846179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-08608-8","title":"Diabetic retinopathy detection and diagnosis by means of robust and explainable convolutional neural networks","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy detection and diagnosis by means of robust and explainable convolutional neural networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367846179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-08608-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-08608-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-08608-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023695406","display_name":"Francesco Mercaldo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9425-1657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129627893","display_name":"University of Molise","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08z627","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Mercaldo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9425-1657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022744865","display_name":"Marcello Di Giammarco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3314-7269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcello Di Giammarco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055290337","display_name":"Arianna Apicella","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129627893","display_name":"University of Molise","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08z627","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arianna Apicella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \"Vincenzo Tiberio\", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \"Vincenzo Tiberio\", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080298186","display_name":"Giacomo Iadarola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-6233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Di Iadarola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082714564","display_name":"Mario Cesarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-313X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Cesarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101546784","display_name":"Fabio Martinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Martinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004599844","display_name":"Antonella Santone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129627893","display_name":"University of Molise","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08z627","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonella Santone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \"Vincenzo Tiberio\", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \"Vincenzo Tiberio\", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023695406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893","https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0289,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96908692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"23","first_page":"17429","last_page":"17441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7793896198272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.7452888488769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7271119356155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6816067099571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6106736660003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy","display_name":"Retinopathy","score":0.545767605304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45075106620788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4356318712234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3659334182739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3585914373397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.17808514833450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.15480899810791016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7793896198272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7452888488769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7271119356155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6816067099571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6106736660003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.545767605304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45075106620788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4356318712234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3659334182739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3585914373397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.17808514833450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.15480899810791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-08608-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-08608-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996932892","https://openalex.org/W2024978699","https://openalex.org/W2134100552","https://openalex.org/W2171651020","https://openalex.org/W2412479940","https://openalex.org/W2502390809","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2598442119","https://openalex.org/W2765921511","https://openalex.org/W2791485417","https://openalex.org/W2800609461","https://openalex.org/W2809160962","https://openalex.org/W2907743631","https://openalex.org/W2919234133","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2980444207","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3186964738","https://openalex.org/W4210683801","https://openalex.org/W4297518356","https://openalex.org/W4313180186","https://openalex.org/W6604344240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584074590","https://openalex.org/W3028974389","https://openalex.org/W2752816974","https://openalex.org/W3190746054","https://openalex.org/W2567704700","https://openalex.org/W2942861078","https://openalex.org/W2234665477","https://openalex.org/W2418838244","https://openalex.org/W1981514967","https://openalex.org/W2074099750"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T23:28:44.954186","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
