{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1564816616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/b94063","title":"Modelling with words : learning, fusion, and reasoning within a formal linguistic representation framework","display_name":"Modelling with words : learning, fusion, and reasoning within a formal linguistic representation framework","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1564816616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/b94063","mag":"1564816616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010601983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Aufsatzsammlung"},"type":"other","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042150057","display_name":"Jonathan Lawry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-5682"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Lawry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-5682","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113808513","display_name":"James G. Shanahan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James G. Shanahan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034068803","display_name":"Anca Ralescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-3540"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anca Ralescu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-3540","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7856007814407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6195879578590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5961902737617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5369790196418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.5062650442123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5045970678329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48733195662498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4358501732349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.41993412375450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4196249842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.41532421112060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-concept-analysis","display_name":"Formal concept analysis","score":0.41496366262435913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7856007814407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6195879578590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5961902737617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5369790196418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.5062650442123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5045970678329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48733195662498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4358501732349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.41993412375450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4196249842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41532421112060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76363472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437394","display_name":"Formal concept analysis","level":2,"score":0.41496366262435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010601983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Aufsatzsammlung"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014649990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/b94063","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"software, multimedia"},{"id":"mag:1564816616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA64755722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Springer eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2016086965","https://openalex.org/W2076390676","https://openalex.org/W2260820893","https://openalex.org/W2163982943","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2043775322","https://openalex.org/W1481733595","https://openalex.org/W2085831551","https://openalex.org/W1598583505","https://openalex.org/W1849262743","https://openalex.org/W2096098613","https://openalex.org/W2367557119","https://openalex.org/W1538359626","https://openalex.org/W2083278476","https://openalex.org/W2943498380","https://openalex.org/W1531351064","https://openalex.org/W31255888","https://openalex.org/W2589203551","https://openalex.org/W2588516753"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}