{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119880425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.423","title":"Semi\u2010automatic grammar recovery","display_name":"Semi\u2010automatic grammar recovery","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119880425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.423","mag":"2119880425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055987140","display_name":"Ralf L\u00e4mmel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-4363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341640284","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/00x7ekv49","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284","https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I4405262988"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. L\u00e4mmel","raw_affiliation_strings":["CWI, Kruislaan 413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CWI, Kruislaan 413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086150744","display_name":"C. Verhoef","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Verhoef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mathematics and Computer Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mathematics and Computer Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086150744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.4073,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":149,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99398759,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"15","first_page":"1395","last_page":"1438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cobol","display_name":"COBOL","score":0.9547105431556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8554303646087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.8253353834152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.649111270904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6433715224266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.6261389255523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5554634928703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42546606063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32686373591423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.16577750444412231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128595289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131140","display_name":"COBOL","level":2,"score":0.9547105431556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8554303646087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.8253353834152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.649111270904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6433715224266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6261389255523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5554634928703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42546606063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32686373591423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16577750444412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.43.4839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.4839","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://adam.wins.uva.nl/~x/ge/ge.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.82.347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.82.347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.vu.nl/~x/ge/ge.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131352529","https://openalex.org/W190892087","https://openalex.org/W192913961","https://openalex.org/W412380452","https://openalex.org/W629565124","https://openalex.org/W1480557038","https://openalex.org/W1491178396","https://openalex.org/W1495382206","https://openalex.org/W1497039936","https://openalex.org/W1508136104","https://openalex.org/W1513927499","https://openalex.org/W1532953558","https://openalex.org/W1536525036","https://openalex.org/W1542384821","https://openalex.org/W1545548203","https://openalex.org/W1549694814","https://openalex.org/W1557824269","https://openalex.org/W1560022972","https://openalex.org/W1560999130","https://openalex.org/W1573340842","https://openalex.org/W1574809794","https://openalex.org/W1575771936","https://openalex.org/W1577934069","https://openalex.org/W1586338668","https://openalex.org/W1590033178","https://openalex.org/W1605351056","https://openalex.org/W1639246698","https://openalex.org/W1644882639","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1694414531","https://openalex.org/W1820268915","https://openalex.org/W1876291336","https://openalex.org/W1914760997","https://openalex.org/W1921936585","https://openalex.org/W1959765948","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1970318326","https://openalex.org/W1972854365","https://openalex.org/W1975376848","https://openalex.org/W1978948468","https://openalex.org/W1982448885","https://openalex.org/W1983878972","https://openalex.org/W1998017916","https://openalex.org/W2001207673","https://openalex.org/W2003056637","https://openalex.org/W2004528131","https://openalex.org/W2012637410","https://openalex.org/W2012708159","https://openalex.org/W2013399578","https://openalex.org/W2014821658","https://openalex.org/W2018951244","https://openalex.org/W2021785886","https://openalex.org/W2023925290","https://openalex.org/W2033780483","https://openalex.org/W2053634777","https://openalex.org/W2057948323","https://openalex.org/W2059000558","https://openalex.org/W2060160091","https://openalex.org/W2060795628","https://openalex.org/W2068713461","https://openalex.org/W2088244743","https://openalex.org/W2090028335","https://openalex.org/W2093670727","https://openalex.org/W2096042913","https://openalex.org/W2099293367","https://openalex.org/W2100648544","https://openalex.org/W2100895292","https://openalex.org/W2105054729","https://openalex.org/W2105168032","https://openalex.org/W2106770798","https://openalex.org/W2109507516","https://openalex.org/W2109808479","https://openalex.org/W2110825407","https://openalex.org/W2111228918","https://openalex.org/W2112153558","https://openalex.org/W2112197627","https://openalex.org/W2121895216","https://openalex.org/W2123833399","https://openalex.org/W2129858079","https://openalex.org/W2133750853","https://openalex.org/W2135158729","https://openalex.org/W2146933117","https://openalex.org/W2153377783","https://openalex.org/W2154738170","https://openalex.org/W2154940799","https://openalex.org/W2158669562","https://openalex.org/W2161250594","https://openalex.org/W2164791598","https://openalex.org/W2171816001","https://openalex.org/W2174991464","https://openalex.org/W2293622507","https://openalex.org/W2481706702","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2579796627","https://openalex.org/W2611605145","https://openalex.org/W2618896829","https://openalex.org/W2685198947","https://openalex.org/W2912296587","https://openalex.org/W2913286805","https://openalex.org/W2913649255","https://openalex.org/W3094621343","https://openalex.org/W3144156710","https://openalex.org/W4206099927","https://openalex.org/W4242080301","https://openalex.org/W4243412374","https://openalex.org/W4253029520","https://openalex.org/W4254963756","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297933905","https://openalex.org/W4301507461","https://openalex.org/W6646079233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1840931092","https://openalex.org/W2991765713","https://openalex.org/W4251738056","https://openalex.org/W568969596","https://openalex.org/W217465209","https://openalex.org/W1965125476","https://openalex.org/W1864405600","https://openalex.org/W1991876452","https://openalex.org/W900013095","https://openalex.org/W2118045671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,43,78],"propose":[2],"an":[3],"approach":[4,18,81],"to":[5,48,67,126,139],"the":[6,17,21,52,59,80,124],"construction":[7],"of":[8,16,54,61],"grammars":[9,22,50,57],"for":[10,72,109,118,145],"existing":[11,70],"languages.":[12],"The":[13,63],"main":[14],"characteristic":[15],"is":[19,65],"that":[20,133],"are":[23,30],"not":[24],"constructed":[25,95,115],"from":[26,36],"scratch":[27],"but":[28],"they":[29],"rather":[31],"recovered":[32],"by":[33],"extracting":[34],"them":[35],"language":[37],"references,":[38],"compilers":[39],"and":[40,58,90,102,122],"other":[41],"artifacts.":[42],"provide":[44],"a":[45,83,97,100,116,128],"structured":[46],"process":[47,64,89],"recover":[49],"including":[51],"adaptation":[53],"raw":[55],"extracted":[56],"derivation":[60],"parsers.":[62],"applicable":[66],"possibly":[68],"all":[69],"languages":[71],"which":[73],"business":[74],"critical":[75],"applications":[76],"exist.":[77],"illustrate":[79],"with":[82],"non\u2010trivial":[84],"case":[85],"study.":[86],"Using":[87],"our":[88],"some":[91],"basic":[92],"tools,":[93],"we":[94,114],"in":[96],"few":[98],"weeks":[99],"complete":[101],"correct":[103],"VS":[104,119,146],"COBOL":[105,120,147],"II":[106,148],"grammar":[107,130],"specification":[108,131],"IBM":[110],"mainframes.":[111],"In":[112],"addition,":[113],"parser":[117],"II,":[121],"were":[123],"first":[125],"publish":[127],"(Web\u2010enabled)":[129],"so":[132],"others":[134],"can":[135],"use":[136],"this":[137],"result":[138],"construct":[140],"their":[141],"own":[142],"grammar\u2010based":[143],"tools":[144],"or":[149],"derivatives.":[150],"Copyright":[151],"\u00a9":[152],"2001":[153],"John":[154],"Wiley":[155],"&":[156],"Sons,":[157],"Ltd.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}