{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963504196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3683","title":"Statistical approaches for initial access in mmWave 5G systems","display_name":"Statistical approaches for initial access in mmWave 5G systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963504196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3683","mag":"2963504196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.3683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306425600","display_name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","issn_l":"2161-3915","issn":["2161-3915","2161-5748"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053825040","display_name":"Ra\u00fal Parada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1899-5881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138847295","display_name":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5wp925","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ra\u00fal Parada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC)  Barcelona Spain","Faculty of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC)  Barcelona Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036829312","display_name":"Hossein Soleimani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-0380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089766","display_name":"Technical and Vocational University","ror":"https://ror.org/00854zy02","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089766"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Soleimani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Ghazi Tabatabai, Urmia Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU)  Urmia Iran","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Ghazi Tabatabai, Urmia Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Ghazi Tabatabai, Urmia Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU)  Urmia Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204","https://openalex.org/I4210089766"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Ghazi Tabatabai, Urmia Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017131882","display_name":"Federico Moretto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Moretto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering University of Padova  Padova Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering University of Padova  Padova Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076790432","display_name":"Stefano Tomasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-6793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Tomasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering University of Padova  Padova Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","Stefano Tomasin, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-6793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering University of Padova  Padova Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stefano Tomasin, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005894115","display_name":"Michele Zorzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Zorzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering University of Padova  Padova Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering University of Padova  Padova Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076790432"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":{"value":3660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3660},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7294793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.887099027633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.7356343865394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7344644665718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5722013115882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5454121828079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5207014679908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4983077049255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45260611176490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44750556349754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.412346214056015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20665189623832703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18524202704429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16383570432662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11365872621536255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.887099027633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.7356343865394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7344644665718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5722013115882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5454121828079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5207014679908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4983077049255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45260611176490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44750556349754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.412346214056015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20665189623832703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18524202704429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16383570432662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11365872621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.3683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306425600","display_name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","issn_l":"2161-3915","issn":["2161-3915","2161-5748"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:orepositorio::0a4fe20789ab52ad05827ed235c13c64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10609/123186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3329430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3329430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","display_name":"Huawei Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W779733492","https://openalex.org/W1987804395","https://openalex.org/W1998672173","https://openalex.org/W2035330915","https://openalex.org/W2102801818","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2183911578","https://openalex.org/W2278865433","https://openalex.org/W2511636002","https://openalex.org/W2555222052","https://openalex.org/W2594869285","https://openalex.org/W2612245416","https://openalex.org/W2613127968","https://openalex.org/W2616698568","https://openalex.org/W2617253756","https://openalex.org/W2618415609","https://openalex.org/W2739210139","https://openalex.org/W2787221786","https://openalex.org/W2787662124","https://openalex.org/W2808337136","https://openalex.org/W2892342145","https://openalex.org/W2962877103","https://openalex.org/W2963081425","https://openalex.org/W2963363746","https://openalex.org/W2963776875","https://openalex.org/W2964242324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W2379651310","https://openalex.org/W2113019827","https://openalex.org/W1541249122","https://openalex.org/W2413828414","https://openalex.org/W2367222340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"When":[1],"a":[2,6,9,22,89,96,127,160,176],"new":[3,81],"user":[4,150,173],"enters":[5],"cell":[7,153],"in":[8,104,125,189],"mmWave":[10],"cellular":[11],"system,":[12],"the":[13,58,62,68,74,77,106,142,146,149,152,155,167,172,183,186],"beamforming":[14,45,168],"directions":[15,38,46,75,169],"must":[16],"be":[17,54,109],"identified":[18],"to":[19,34,65,108,115,166,171],"initiate":[20],"communication,":[21],"procedure":[23],"known":[24],"as":[25],"initial":[26],"access":[27],"(IA).":[28],"However,":[29],"users":[30,82],"are":[31,87],"more":[32,72],"likely":[33],"enter":[35],"from":[36],"some":[37],"than":[39],"others":[40],"(eg,":[41,47],"along":[42],"streets),":[43],"and":[44,95,98,119],"those":[48],"affected":[49],"by":[50,159],"blockage)":[51],"may":[52],"never":[53],"used.":[55],"We":[56,181],"exploit":[57],"unequal":[59],"distribution":[60],"of":[61,79,121,148,185,191],"entrance":[63],"direction":[64,107],"speed":[66],"up":[67],"IA":[69,156,178],"procedure,":[70],"exploring":[71],"often":[73],"wherein":[76],"probability":[78],"finding":[80],"is":[83,111,131],"higher.":[84],"Two":[85],"solutions":[86],"proposed:":[88],"memory\u2010less":[90],"random":[91],"illumination":[92,100],"(MLRI)":[93],"algorithm":[94],"statistical":[97],"memory\u2010based":[99],"(SMBI)":[101],"algorithm.":[102],"While":[103],"MLRI,":[105],"explored":[110,123,139],"randomly":[112],"generated":[113],"according":[114],"an":[116],"optimized":[117],"distribution,":[118],"independent":[120],"previously":[122,138],"directions,":[124],"SMBI":[126],"precise":[128],"exploration":[129,179],"sequence":[130],"designed,":[132],"thus":[133],"we":[134,144],"take":[135],"into":[136],"account":[137],"directions.":[140],"In":[141],"analysis,":[143],"include":[145],"movement":[147],"within":[151],"during":[154],"process,":[157],"described":[158],"Markov":[161],"chain":[162],"whose":[163],"states":[164],"correspond":[165],"associated":[170],"position":[174],"at":[175],"given":[177],"time.":[180,194],"assess":[182],"performance":[184],"proposed":[187],"methods":[188],"terms":[190],"average":[192],"discovery":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}