{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:00:51Z","timestamp":1760144451246,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62202215","JYTQN2023061","JYTQN2023050","1010147001128","1010147001205","RC230794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202215","JYTQN2023061","JYTQN2023050","1010147001128","1010147001205","RC230794"]}]},{"name":"General Young Talents Project for Scientific Research grant of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province","award":["62202215","JYTQN2023061","JYTQN2023050","1010147001128","1010147001205","RC230794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202215","JYTQN2023061","JYTQN2023050","1010147001128","1010147001205","RC230794"]}]},{"name":"SYLU-introduced high-level talents scientific research support plan","award":["62202215","JYTQN2023061","JYTQN2023050","1010147001128","1010147001205","RC230794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202215","JYTQN2023061","JYTQN2023050","1010147001128","1010147001205","RC230794"]}]},{"name":"Shenyang Science and Technology Talent Special Project","award":["62202215","JYTQN2023061","JYTQN2023050","1010147001128","1010147001205","RC230794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202215","JYTQN2023061","JYTQN2023050","1010147001128","1010147001205","RC230794"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In visible light communication (VLC), the precise latency evaluation of wireless access networks and the efficient forwarding strategy of core networks are the crux for end-to-end reliability provisioning. Leveraging martingale theory, an elegant latency-bounded reliability analysis framework is studied for the VLC network. Considering the characteristic that VLC links are easy to block, the martingale of the service process is constructed. Based on the time shift features, the martingale process related to latency is proposed for the VLC system, which models the influence of entanglement between aggregate arrivals and random service on latency. A stopping time event about latency is defined. Renting the stopping time theory, a tight upper bound of the unreliability with regard to latency is derived. In the core network, a dynamic forward backhaul framework is proposed, which uses the relay selection algorithm based on back-pressure theory to improve data transmission quality. The theoretical latency-bounded reliability matches the simulation results well, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed analysis framework, and the proposed relay selection algorithm can also improve network performance under data-intensive transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T03:23:47Z","timestamp":1714101827000},"page":"2748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Latency Performance Analysis and Effective Relay Selection for Visible Light Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5326-3440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baozhu","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2476474","article-title":"Visible light communication, networking, and sensing: A survey, potential and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Pathak","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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