{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T23:08:26Z","timestamp":1780528106084,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students often show unfavourable attribution: they attribute poor school performance to stable factors such as lack of ability and good school performance to variable factors such as effort. However, attribution can be influenced by individualized digital re\u2010attributional feedback leading to positive motivational effects and higher learning outcomes. This is very promising, but it still is unclear, whether this digital re\u2010attributional feedback can also be successfully integrated in everyday classroom activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present field experiment investigated how integrating digital re\u2010attributional feedback into classroom instruction affects student attribution, motivation and learning outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the experiment, 8th\u201310th grade high school students (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009322) worked with a digital mathematics learning program which was integrated in a three\u2010week teaching unit. Half the students in each classroom received only <jats:italic>standard feedback<\/jats:italic> after each practice task (SF group); the other half received additionally an individual <jats:italic>re\u2010attributional feedback<\/jats:italic> (RF group) after every third task. Attribution, mathematics self\u2010concept, and self\u2010efficacy were measured by an online questionnaire twice a week; learning outcomes in mathematics were measured weekly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hierarchical analyses showed that re\u2010attributional feedback led to a more favourable attribution in case of success on stable factors. Especially low\u2010performing students benefited from this feedback. No effects on attribution in case of failure, self\u2010efficacy or learning outcomes could be found. Further research could investigate if certain adaptations to the digital re\u2010attributional feedback is more effective in a real classroom setting and has a broader impact on different students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T05:49:38Z","timestamp":1697867378000},"page":"478-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Digital <scp>re\u2010attributional<\/scp> feedback in high school mathematics education and its effect on motivation and achievement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4173-3959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina Alexandra","family":"Whalen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Educational &amp; Developmental Psychology University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7971-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Renkl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Educational &amp; Developmental Psychology University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6403-3467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Eitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Sports Science, Educational Psychology University of Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1409-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Glogger\u2010Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Educational Psychology University of Erfurt  Erfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"School context, student attitudes and behavior, and academic achievement: An exploratory analysis","author":"Akey T.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological factors on education","author":"Aronson J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep2802_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8578.2008.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219410371677"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021302408382"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.80.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-3802.2011.01227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02667363.2014.880048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.83.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JEXE.77.1.3-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/1010-0652.20.12.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100612453266"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","volume-title":"Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics","author":"Field A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Raising the achievement of low\u2010performing students. 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