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Previous recommendation systems for learning English mainly focused on recommending reading materials and vocabulary. Different from reading material and vocabulary recommendations, grammar question recommendation should recommend questions that have similar grammatical structure and usage to the question of interest. The content similarity calculation methods used in existing recommendation methods cannot represent the similarity between grammar questions effectively. In this paper, we propose a content\u2010based approach for personalized grammar question recommendation, which recommends similar grammatical structure and usage questions for further practising. Specifically, we propose a novel structure named<jats:italic>parse\u2010key tree<\/jats:italic>to capture the grammatical structure and usage of grammar questions. We then propose 3 measures to compute the similarity between the question query and database questions for grammar question recommendation. Additionally, we incorporated the proposed recommendation method into a Web\u2010based English grammar learning system and presented its performance evaluation in this paper. The experimental results have shown that the proposed approach outperforms other classical and state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art methods in recommending relevant grammar questions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]],"date-time":"2017-11-02T05:52:42Z","timestamp":1509601962000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Personalized question recommendation for English grammar learning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1374-395X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanting","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luu Anh","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siu Cheung","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barr C. 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