CAPCON

A resident of Portugal, he is the founder and chairman of Capcon Holdings plc which carries out corporate investigations, business intelligence gathering, research and audit services.

(12) The authors use the sum of total foreign assets and total foreign liabilities to GDP ratio (in absolute value) as a proxy for capital controls, CapCon. (13) The theoretical sign of this variable is ambiguous, although the proxy used in the study is more likely to be associated with a positive sign.