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Radiatopses

(Infraphylum)

Overview

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Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Infraphylum Radiatopses is a member of the Phylum Tracheophyta. Here is the complete "parentage" of Radiatopses:

The Infraphylum Radiatopses is further organized into finer groupings including:

Families

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Acanthaceae

The family Acanthaceae (or Acanthus family) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. [more]

Aceraceae

Aceraceae is a family of flowering plants also called the Maple Family. It contains two to four genera, depending upon the circumscription, of some 120 species of trees and shrubs. A common characteristic is that the leaves are opposite, and the fruit a schizocarp. [more]

Achariaceae

[more]

Achatocarpaceae

Achatocarpaceae is a family of woody flowering plants. The family consists of two genera and ten species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical South America. [more]

Acoraceae

[more]

Actinidiaceae

Actinidiaceae, or the Chinese Gooseberry family, is a small family of plants. It includes three genera and about 360 species. It is a member of the order Ericales. [more]

Adoxaceae

The Adoxaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, as now constituted comprising four genera and about 150-200 species. It is characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rarely, four-petalled flowers in cymose inflorescences, and the fruit being a drupe. They are thus similar to many Cornaceae. [more]

Aextoxicaceae

Aextoxicon punctatum, the sole species of genus Aextoxicon and family Aextoxicaceae, is a tree native to southern Chile and Argentina. [more]

Agavaceae

Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry zone types such as the agave, yucca, and Joshua tree. There are about 640 species in around 23 genera, widespread in the tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. [more]

Agdestidaceae

[more]

Aizoaceae

[more]

Akaniaceae

[more]

Alangiaceae

Alangiaceae is a small family of small dicotyledon trees, shrubs or lianas, closely related to the Cornaceae (Dogwood family). [more]

Alismataceae

The water-plantains (Alismataceae) are a family of flowering plants, comprising 11 genera and between 85-95 species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most of the species are herbaceous aquatic plants growing in marshes and ponds. [more]

Alliaceae

Allioideae is the botanical name of a monocot subfamily of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Alliaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Allium. [more]

Aloaceae

Asphodeloideae is a subfamily of the monocot family Xanthorrhoeaceae in the order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Asphodelaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Asphodelus. Members of group are native to Africa, central and western Europe, the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia and Australia, with one genus (Bulbinella) having some of its species in New Zealand. The greatest diversity occurs in South Africa. [more]

Alseuosmiaceae

[more]

Alstroemeriaceae

The Alstroemeriaceae is a family of flowering plants, with 200 species in three or four genera, native to the Americas, from Central America to southern South America. [more]

Altingiaceae

Altingiaceae, a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, are wind-pollinated trees that produce hard, woody fruits containing numerous seeds. The fruits have been studied in considerable detail. They naturally occur in Central America, Mexico, eastern North America, the eastern Mediterranean, China, and tropical Asia. They are often cultivated as ornamentals and many produce valuable wood. [more]

Alzateaceae

Alzatea verticillata is a small flowering tree, native to the Neotropics. It inhabits moist submontane forests from Costa Rica and Panama in Central America south to Peru and Bolivia in tropical South America. It is the sole species of genus Alzatea and family Alzateaceae. [more]

Amaranthaceae

The Amaranthaceae, the Amaranth family, represent the most species-rich lineage within the flowering plant order of Caryophyllales. Including the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), the extended family contains approximately 180 genera and 2,500 species. [more]

Amaryllidaceae

Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous flowering plants included in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis, hence the common name of the Amaryllis family. [more]

Amborellaceae

[more]

Anacardiaceae

Anacardiaceae (the cashew or sumac family) are a family of flowering plants bearing fruits that are drupes and in some cases producing urushiol, an irritant. Anacardiaceae include numerous genera with several of economic importance. Notable plants in this family include cashew (in the type genus Anacardium), mango, poison ivy, sumac, smoke tree, and marula. The genus Pistacia (which includes the pistachio and mastic tree) usually is now included, but has sometimes been placed in its own family, Pistaciaceae. [more]

Anarthriaceae

Anarthriaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has rarely been recognized by taxonomists. [more]

Ancistrocladaceae

Ancistrocladaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been widely recognized by taxonomists. [more]

Anisophylleaceae

Anisophylleaceae is a small family with four genera in the order Cucurbitales, according to the APG II. However it is more isolated from the other suprafamilal clades in this order, while it shows some similarities in flower morphology with the genus Ceratopetalum (family Cunoniaceae, order Oxalidales). Several wood features of this family, are more primitive than those of the other families in the order Cucurbitales. [more]

Annonaceae

Annonaceae, also called the custard apple family is a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs or rarely lianas. With about 2300 to 2500 species and more than 130 genera, it is the largest family in Magnoliales. Only five genera, Annona, Rollinia, Uvaria, Melodorum and Asimina produce edible fruits. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the other species Indomalayan. [more]

Anthericaceae

Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry zone types such as the agave, yucca, and Joshua tree. There are about 640 species in around 23 genera, widespread in the tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. [more]

Antoniaceae

[more]

Aphloiaceae

Aphloiaceae Takht. 1985, is a monogeneric family of flowering plants. It contains only one species Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn., a species of evergreen shrubs or small trees occurring in East Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles. [more]

Aphyllanthaceae

Aphyllanthoideae is a monocot subfamily of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Aphyllanthaceae. The subfamily (and family) names are derived from the generic name of the type genus, Aphyllanthes, endemic to the western Mediterranean region. [more]

Apiaceae

The Apiaceae (or Umbelliferae), commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants. Included in this family are the well known plants: angelica, anise, arracacha, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, centella asiatica, chervil, cicely, coriander/cilantro, cumin, dill, fennel, hemlock, lovage, Queen Anne's Lace, parsley, parsnip, sea holly, and the now extinct silphium. [more]

Apocynaceae

The Apocynaceae or dogbane family is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and lianas. [more]

Apodanthaceae

The family Apodanthaceae comprises 22 to 30 species of endoparasitic herbs. They live in branches or roots of their host (as filaments similar to a fungal mycelium), emerging only to flower. The only leaves present are several bracts at the base of each flower. The plants do not carry out any photosynthesis (that is, they are holoparasitic). These are distributed into three genera: Pilostyles, , and Berlinianche. Attempts to determine the relationships of Apodanthaceae have produced only uncertain results and they remain as enigmatic as ever. [more]

Aponogetonaceae

The Aponogetonaceae (Cape-pondweed family or Aponogeton family) are a family of flowering plants in the order Alismatales. [more]

Aptandraceae

[more]

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex () is a genus of 400 to 600 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. The species are evergreen and deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. [more]

Araceae

Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe or leaf-like bract. Also known as the Arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroid. This family of 107 genera and over 3700 species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and north temperate regions. [more]

Araliaceae

Araliaceae is a family of flowering plants, also known as the Aralia family (after its type genus Aralia) or Ivy family. The family includes 254 species of trees, shrubs, lianas and perennial herbaceous plants into 2 subfamilies. Species usually bear pinnately or palmately compound leaves, and usually have small flowers produced in large panicles. [more]

Aralidiaceae

Aralidium is a genus in the plant family Torricelliaceae. It includes the single species Aralidium pinnatifidum, a small tree or shrub distributed in southeastern Asia, Malaysia, and Indonesia. [more]

Araucariaceae

Araucariaceae, commonly referred to as araucarians, is a very ancient family of coniferous trees. It achieved its maximum diversity in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, when it was distributed almost worldwide. At the end of the Cretaceous, when dinosaurs became extinct, so too did the Araucariaceae in the northern hemisphere. [more]

Arberiaceae

[more]

Arecaceae

Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is considered taxonomically invalid, or by the common name palm tree), are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the monocot order Arecales. There are roughly 202 currently known genera with around 2600 species, most of which are restricted to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves arranged at the top of an unbranched stem. However, many palms are exceptions to this statement, and palms in fact exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics. As well as being morphologically diverse, palms also inhabit nearly every type of habitat within their range, from rainforests to deserts. [more]

Argophyllaceae

The Argophyllaceae is a family of shrubs or small trees belonging to the order Asterales. The family includes two genera Argophyllum and Corokia. Members of the family are native to eastern Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, and Rapa Iti. [more]

Aristolochiaceae

The Aristolochiaceae, or the Birthwort family, are a family of flowering plants with 7 genera and about 400 species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is Aristolochia L. [more]

Asparagaceae

Asparagaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. [more]

Asphodelaceae

Asphodeloideae is a subfamily of the monocot family Xanthorrhoeaceae in the order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Asphodelaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Asphodelus. Members of group are native to Africa, central and western Europe, the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia and Australia, with one genus (Bulbinella) having some of its species in New Zealand. The greatest diversity occurs in South Africa. [more]

Asteliaceae

Asteliaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. [more]

Asteraceae

The Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, or sunflower family), is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants. The group has more than 22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera and 12 subfamilies. Along with the Orchidaceae, this makes it one of the two largest flowering plant families in the world. However, selecting which of the two families is larger has yet to be been done conclusively, owing to the uncertainty around exactly how many species are in each group. The largest composite genera are Senecio (1,000 species), Vernonia (1,000 species), Centaurea (700 species), Cousinia (600 species), Helichrysum (550 species), and Artemesia (550 species). [more]

Asteranthaceae

[more]

Asteropeiaceae

Asteropeiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by very few taxonomists. [more]

Aucubaceae

Trees or shrubs, dioecious; branches opposite, cylindrical. Leaves opposite, estipulate, petiolate, simple, pinnately veined; leaf blade abaxially light green, adaxially deep green and shiny, dark brown when dry, some species variegated with yellow or white markings, thickly leathery to papery, pubescent or glabrous, margin serrate or dentate, rarely entire. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate or racemose-paniculate. Flowers 4-merous, unisexual, actinomorphic, subtended by 1 or 2 bracteoles. Stamens 4, alternate petals. Ovary inferior, carpel 1, locule 1; ovule 1, pendulous; style short, thick; stigma capitate, straight or curving, slightly 2 4-lobed. Fruit drupes, fleshy, red when mature, black when dry, crowned with persistent calyx teeth, style, and stigma.[1] [more]

Austrobaileyaceae

[more]

Avetraceae

[more]

Avicenniaceae

Avicennia is a genus of flowering plants currently placed in the bear's breeches family, Acanthaceae. It contains mangrove trees, which occur in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas and are characterized by aerial roots. It is commonly known as api api which in the Malay language means "fire fire", a reference to the fact that fireflies often congregate on these trees. Species of Avicennia occur worldwide south of the Tropic of Cancer. [more]

Balanitaceae

[more]

Balanopaceae

Balanops is a genus of flowering plants. The nine species are trees or shrubs, found in New Caledonia, Fiji and northern Queensland. [more]

Balanophoraceae

Balanophoraceae (from the inflorescence which appears to be covered by barnacles) is a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and obscure affinities. The family consist of 17 genera and approximately 50 species. The plants are normally found in moist inland forests growing on tree roots and have an aboveground inflorescence with the overall appearance of a fungus, composed of numerous minute flowers. The inflorescences develop inside the tuberous underground part of the plant, before rupturing it and surfacing. The plants are monoecious, or dioecious, and the fruits are indehiscent drupes or nuts. The underground portion, which attaches itself to the host, looks like a tuber, and is not a proper root system. The plants contain no chlorophyll. Balanophora means bearing an acorn (shape of the femal inflorescence). [more]

Balsaminaceae

Balsaminaceae (commonly known as the balsam family) are a family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genera and 850+ species, all but one of which belong to the genus Impatiens. The flowering plants may be annual or perennial and are found throughout temperate and tropical regions, including North America, Asia, Europe and Africa. [more]

Barbeuiaceae

Barbeuia madagascariensis is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar. [more]

Barbeyaceae

Barbeya oleoides is the only species of its family (Barbeyaceae). It is a small tree native to the mountains of Somalia, Ethiopia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be found locally abundant in the transition zone between the dry, evergreen, Afromontane forests and lower-elevation evergreen bushlands. [more]

Barclayaceae

Barclaya is a genus of 3 - 4 species of flowering plants usually included in the family Nymphaeaceae but sometimes given their own family status as Barclayaceae on the basis of an extended perianth tube (combined sepals and petals) arising from the top of the ovary and by stamens that are joined basally. Barclaya are aquatic plants native to tropical Asia. The genus was named in honour of the English gardener and plant collector G. W. Barclay. [more]

Barringtoniaceae

[more]

Basellaceae

Basellaceae is a family of flowering plants, in the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises some two dozen species of herbaceous plants, some with climbing habits, in four genera: [more]

Bataceae

Batis (Turtleweed, Saltwort, Beachwort, or Pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate and tropical America (B. maritima) and tropical Australasia (B. argillicola). [more]

Baxteriaceae

[more]

Begoniaceae

Begoniaceae is a family of flowering plants with about 1400 species occurring in the subtropics and tropics of both the New World and Old World. All but one of the species are in the genus Begonia. The only other genus in the family, Hillebrandia, is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and has a single species. Phylogenetic work supports Hillebrandia as the sister taxon to the rest of the family. The genus Symbegonia has recently been reduced to a section of Begonia as recent molecular phylogenies have shown it to be derived from within that genus. [more]

Bembiciaceae

[more]

Berberidaceae

Berberidaceae are a family of 15 genera flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 570 species, of which the majority (450) are in Berberis. The species include trees, shrubs and perennial herbaceous plants. [more]

Berberidopsidaceae

Berberidopsidaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by only a few taxonomists: the plants involved have often been treated as belonging to family Flacourtiaceae. [more]

Betulaceae

Betulaceae, or the Birch Family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams and hop-hornbeams, numbering about 130 species. They are mostly natives of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with a few species reaching the Southern Hemisphere in the Andes in South America. [more]

Biebersteiniaceae

Biebersteinia is a genus containing four species of herbs in the flowering plant order Sapindales. They occur in Central Asia and some nearby areas. [more]

Bignoniaceae

The Bignoniaceae, or Trumpet Creeper Family, is a family of flowering plants comprising about 650-750 species in 116-120 genera. Members of the family are mostly trees and lianas ( and Macfadyena), shrubs and more rarely herbaceous plants. As climber plants, they are twine climbers or tendril climbers, and rarely root climbers. Most lianas are found in tribe Bignonieae, that alone contains nearly half the number of species of the family. The family and its genus Bignonia was named after Jean-Paul Bignon by his prot?g? Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1694. [more]

Bixaceae

Bixaceae, or the achiote family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants. Under the Cronquist system, it was traditionally placed in the order Violales. However, newer arrangements move it, with some other families previously in the Violales families, into the Malvales. [more]

Blandfordiaceae

Blandfordia is a genus of flowering plants, placed in the family Blandfordiaceae of the order Asparagales of the monocots. The genus is native to eastern Australia. Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as Christmas Bells due to the shape of their flowers and the timing of their flowering season in Australia. Blandfordia was named by English botanist James Edward Smith in 1804 in honour of George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough, the Marquis of Blandford. [more]

Bombacaceae

Bombacaceae is a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae included within Malvales order. As is true for any botanical name, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view. The family name is based on the genus Bombax. [more]

Bonnetiaceae

[more]

Boraginaceae

Boraginaceae, the Borage or Forget-me-not family, include a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbs, totaling about 2,000 species in 146 genera found worldwide. A number of familiar plants belong to this family. [more]

Brassicaceae

Brassicaceae, a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants (Angiosperms), are informally known as the mustards, mustard flowers, the crucifers or the cabbage family. [more]

Bretschneideraceae

Trees. Myrosin cells present in bark of branches and in inflorescence, producing glucosinolates. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate; leaflets petiolulate, opposite or lower ones alternate, entire; veins pinnate; stipules absent. Racemes terminal, erect. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic. Calyx broadly campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals 5, free, imbricate, unequal, clawed, adnate from middle to upper part of calyx tube. Stamens 8, attached to thin, annular nectary disc at base of petals, shorter than petals; filaments filiform, hairy, especially in basal 1/2. Pistil 1; ovary superior, sessile, 3-5-loculed; placentation axile; ovules 2 per locule, pendulous; style longer than stamens; stigma capitate, minute. Fruit a capsule; valves 3-5, thick walled, dehiscent. Seeds oblong; endosperm absent.[2] [more]

Brexiaceae

[more]

Bromeliaceae

Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) is a family of monocot flowering plants of around 3,170 species native mainly to the tropical Americas, with a few species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, Pitcairnia feliciana. It is one of the basal families within the Poales and is unique because it is the only family within the order that has septal nectaries and inferior ovaries. These inferior ovaries characterize the Bromelioideae, a subfamily of the Bromeliaceae. The family includes both epiphytes, such as Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides), and terrestrial species, such as the pineapple (Ananas comosus). Many bromeliads are able to store water in a structure formed by their tightly-overlapping leaf bases. However, the family is diverse enough to include the tank bromeliads, grey-leaved epiphytic Tillandsia species that gather water only from leaf structures called trichomes, and a large number of desert-dwelling succulents. [more]

Brunelliaceae

Brunellia is a genus of trees in the family Brunelliaceae. It consists of 62 species which grow in the mountainous regions from southern Mexico to Bolivia. There are 10 species in Ecuador, all but one of which occur in the Andean woodlands. [more]

Bruniaceae

Bruniaceae is a family of shrubs native to the cape region of . They are mostly restricted to the Cape Province, but a small number of species occur in KwaZulu-Natal. [more]

Brunoniaceae

The blue pincushion (Brunonia australis), also known as Native Cornflower, is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows widely across Australia. It is found in woodlands, open forest and sand plains. In the Cronquist system's classification scheme it was the sole member of the monogenetic plant family Brunoniaceae before the APG II system moved it into Goodeniaceae. [more]

Buddlejaceae

Buddleja, often misspelled Buddleia () but commonly known as the Butterfly Bush, is a genus of flowering plants. The generic name bestowed by Linnaeus honours the Reverend Adam Buddle (1662?1715), a botanist and rector in Essex, England, but who could never have seen a plant of the genus. [more]

Burchardiaceae

[more]

Burmanniaceae

Burmanniaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants, consisting of about a hundred species of herbaceous plants in roughly a dozen genera. Often they are quite remarkable plants, more often red than green, without much leaf area and not growing very big in any way. [more]

Burseraceae

Burseraceae is a moderate-sized family of 17-18 genera and about 540 species of flowering plants. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae is also known as the Torchwood family[], the frankincense and myrrh family, or simply the incense tree family. The family includes both trees and shrubs, and is native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia and the Americas. [more]

Butomaceae

Butomus is the sole genus in the monogeneric plant family Butomaceae, containing the single species Butomus umbellatus, also known as flowering rush or grass rush. [more]

Buxaceae

Buxaceae are a small family of four or five genera and about 90-120 species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution. A fifth genus sometimes accepted in the past (Notobuxus), has been shown by genetic studies to be included within Buxus (Balthazar et al., 2000). [more]

Byblidaceae

Byblis () is a small genus of carnivorous plants, sometimes termed the rainbow plants for the attractive appearance of their mucilage-covered leaves in bright sunshine. Native to western Australia, it is the only genus in the family Byblidaceae. The first species in the genus was described by the English botanist Richard Anthony Salisbury in 1808. Seven species are now recognized (see below). [more]

Cabombaceae

Cabombaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised as distinct by at least some taxonomists and by APG III (2009). The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, (Brasenia and Cabomba), totalling half-a-dozen species. [more]

Cactaceae

A cactus is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, within the order Caryophyllales. The plural of cactus varies; the Latin cacti, the English cactuses and the uninflected plural cactus are all in use. The distinctive appearance of cacti is a result of adaptations to conserve water in dry and/or hot environments. In most species, the stem has evolved to become photosynthetic and succulent, while the leaves have evolved into spines. Many species are used for ornamental plants, and some are also grown for fodder, forage, fruits, cochineal, and other uses. [more]

Calamopityaceae

[more]

Calectasiaceae

Dasypogonaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists: the plants involved were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. [more]

Callistophytaceae

The Callistophytaceae was a family of pteridosperms, extinct seed ferns, from the Carboniferous and Permian periods. They first appeared in late Middle Pennsylvanian (Moscovian; 306.5?311.7 Ma) times in the tropical coal forests of Euramerica, and became an important component of Late Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian-Gzhelian; 299.0?306.5 Ma) vegetation of clastic substrates and some peat substrates. The best known callistophyte was documented from Late Pennsylvanian coal ball petrifactions from North America. [more]

Callitrichaceae

Callitriche (Cal-l?-tri-che) is a genus of largely aquatic plants known as water-starworts. Previously, it was the only genus in the family Callitrichaceae. However, according to the APG II system this family is now included in the Plantaginaceae (plantain family). The family name Callitrichaceae retains its status as nomen conservandum (name to be retained). [more]

Calochortaceae

Calochortaceae is a family of flowering plants. It is recognised by only a few systems of plant taxonomy, including the Dahlgren system, which placed it in the order Liliales in superorder Lilianae in subclass Liliidae [=monocotyledons] of class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms]. [more]

Calycanthaceae

The Calycanthaceae (sweetshrub or spicebush family) is a small family of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains four genera and only 6-11 species, restricted to warm temperate and tropical regions: [more]

Calyceraceae

Calyceraceae is a plant family in the order Asterales. [more]

Campanulaceae

The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains about 2000 species in 70 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky non-toxic sap. Among them are the familiar garden plants Campanula (bellflower), Lobelia, and Platycodon (balloonflower). [more]

Campynemataceae

[more]

Canellaceae

The Canellaceae are a family of flowering plants. The family has sixteen species in six genera. The species are highly aromatic evergreen plants, mostly trees and rarely shrubs, which produce essential oils. Families Cannelaceae and Winteraceae form order Canellales. [more]

Cannabaceae

[more]

Cannaceae

Canna (or Canna lily, although not a true lily) is a genus of nineteen species of flowering plants. The closest living relations to cannas are the other plant families of the order Zingiberales, that is the gingers, bananas, marantas, heliconias, strelitzias, etc. [more]

Capparaceae

Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the Caper family, is a family of plants in order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, it contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are Capparis (about 150 species), Maerua (~100 species), Boscia (37 species) and Cadaba (30 species). [more]

Caprifoliaceae

The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade consisting of about 800 dicotyledonous flowering plants, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution; centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and eastern Asia, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa. [more]

Cardiolepidaceae

[more]

Cardiopteridaceae

[more]

Caricaceae

Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, native to tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small trees growing to 5-10 m tall. Many bear edible fruit. [more]

Carlemanniaceae

The Carlemanniaceae are a tropical East Asian and Southeast Asian family of subshrub to herbaceous perennial flowering plants with 2 genera. Older systems of plant taxonomy place the two genera, Carlemannia, and Silvianthus within the Caprifoliaceae or the Rubiaceae. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification of 2003 places the group in the Lamiales, as a plant family more closely related to the Oleaceae than to the Caprifoliaceae. [more]

Carpodetaceae

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Caryocaraceae

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Caryophyllaceae

The Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae and Polygonaceae. It is a large family, with 86 genera and some 2,200 species. [more]

Casuarinaceae

Casuarinaceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of 3 or 4 genera and approximately 70 species of trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics (Indo-Malaysia), Australia, and the Pacific Islands. At one time, all of the species were placed in the genus Casuarina, but these were split in 1982 into the genera Allocasuarina, Casuarina, , and Gymnostoma. Somewhat controversial at the time, the monophyly of these genera was later supported in a 2003 molecular study of the family. In the Wettstein system, this family was the only one placed in the order Verticillatae. Likewise, in the Engler, Cronquist and Kubitzki systems, Casuarinaceae was the only family placed in the order Casuarinales. [more]

Caytoniaceae

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Cecropiaceae

Urticaceae, or the nettle family, is a family of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica (nettles). Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including the aforementioned nettles, ramie (Boehmeria nivea), mamaki (Pipturus albidus), and ajlai (). [more]

Celastraceae

The Celastraceae (or staff vine or bittersweet family; syn. Canotiaceae, Chingithamnaceae, Euonymaceae, Goupiaceae, Lophopyxidaceae, and Siphonodontaceae in Cronquist system), is a family of about 90-100 genera and 1,300 species of vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates. [more]

Centrolepidaceae

Centrolepidaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists. [more]

Cephalotaceae

Cephalotus ( or /?k?f?'lo?t?s/; Greek: ?efa?? "head", and ???/?t?? "ear", to describe the head of the anthers) is a genus which contains one species, Cephalotus follicularis, a small carnivorous pitcher plant. The pit-fall traps of the modified leaves have inspired the common names for this plant, which include Albany Pitcher Plant, Western Australian Pitcher Plant, fly-catcher plant or mocassin plant. [more]

Cephalotaxaceae

The family Cephalotaxaceae is a small grouping of conifers, with three genera and about 20 species, closely allied to the Taxaceae, and included in that family by some botanists. They are restricted to east Asia, except for two species of Torreya found in the southwest and southeast of the USA; fossil evidence shows a much wider prehistorical northern hemisphere distribution. The differences between the two families are as follows: [more]

Ceratophyllaceae

Ceratophyllum is a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants, commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. They are usually called hornworts, although this name is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta. [more]

Cercidiphyllaceae

Cercidiphyllum is a genus containing two species of plants, both commonly called Katsura. They are the sole members of the monotypic family Cercidiphyllaceae. The genus is native to Japan and China. [more]

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodiaceae were a family of flowering plants, also called the Goosefoot Family. They are now included within family Amaranthaceae. The vast majority of Chenopods are weeds, and many are salt and drought tolerant. A few food crops also belong to the family: spinach, beets, chard, quinoa, and sugar beets. Chenopod pollen is a common allergen, but most Chenopod crops do not produce pollen. [more]

Chionographidaceae

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Chloranthaceae

Chloranthaceae () is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family consists of four genera, totalling several dozen species, of herbaceous or woody plants occurring in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Madagascar, Central & South America, and the West Indies. Members of this family are aromatic and have opposite, evergreen leaves with distinctive serrate margins and interpetiolar stipules (similar to the stipules found in family Rubiaceae). The flowers are inconspicuous, and arranged in inflorescences. Petals are absent in this family, and sometimes so are sepals. The flowers can be either hermaphrodite or of separate sexes. The fruit is drupe-like, consisting of one carpel. [more]

Chrysobalanaceae

Chrysobalanaceae is a family of trees, shrubs and flowering plants, consisting of 17 genera and about 460 species of that grows in the Tropics or is subtropical and common in the Americas. Some of the species contain silica in their bodies for rigidity and so the mesophyll often has sclerencymatous idioblasts The flower produces a fruit and the plant is commonly known as a coco plum. [more]

Circaeasteraceae

Herbs annual. Cotyledons persistent. Leaves rosulate, borne on elongated hypocotyl; veins dichotomous. Flowers fascicled in axil of upper leaves, bisexual but number of organs variable. Sepals 2 or 3, persistent. Petals absent. Stamens 1 or 2(or 3), alternating with sepals; anthers 2-loculed, introrse. Carpels 1--3, separate; ovary superior; style absent; stigma terminal, papillate; ovule 1 per ovary, subapical, pendulous. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo terete, straight, with short cotyledons.[3] [more]

Cistaceae

The Cistaceae (or rock-rose family, rock rose family) is a small family of plants known for its beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom. This family consists of about 170-200 species in eight genera, distributed primarily in the temperate areas of Europe and the Mediterranean basin, but also found in North America; a limited number of species are found in South America. Most Cistaceae are subshrubs and low shrubs, and some are herbaceous. They prefer dry and sunny habitats. The Cistaceae grow well on poor soils, and many of them are cultivated in gardens. [more]

Clethraceae

Clethraceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, with one species also on Madeira. The family comprises two genera, Clethra and Purdiaea. [more]

Clusiaceae

The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (nom. alt. et cons. = alternative and valid name) is a family of plants formerly including about 37 genera and 1610 species of trees and shrubs, often with milky sap and fruits or capsules for seeds. It is primarily tropical. More so than many plant families, it shows a large amount of variation in plant morphology (for example, 3 to 10 petals, fused or unfused petals, and many other traits). According to the APG III, this family belongs to the order Malpighiales. The APG III system reduced the circumscription of this family to just 14 genera and about 595 species. [more]

Cneoraceae

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Cochlospermaceae

Cochlospermaceae is a family of two genera and 20-25 species of trees and shrubs. They occur widely throughout the tropical regions of the world, but are curiously absent from Malaysia. Most species in this family are mesophytic or xerophytic, growing primarily in drier climates. [more]

Colchicaceae

Colchicaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. [more]

Columelliaceae

Columelliaceae is a family of trees and shrubs native to the Andes of South America. [more]

Combretaceae

Combretaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 600 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 18 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, Combretum imberbe. Three genera, Conocarpus, Laguncularia and Lumnitzera, grow in mangrove habitats (mangals). Combretaceae are widespread in the subtropics and tropics. Some members of this family produce useful construction timber, such as idigbo from Terminalia ivorensis. [more]

Commelinaceae

Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with an estimated 650 species in 40 genera. Well known genera include Commelina (dayflowers) and Tradescantia (spiderworts). The family is diverse in both the Old World tropics and the New World tropics, with some genera present in both. The variation in morphology, especially that of the flower and inflorescence, is considered to be exceptionally high amongst the angiosperms. [more]

Connaraceae

The Connaraceae is a family of 16 genera and about 350 species. [more]

Conostylidaceae

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Convallariaceae

Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It was previously treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Nolina. [more]

Convolvulaceae

Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the bindweed or morning glory family, are a group of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceous vines, but also trees, shrubs and herbs. [more]

Cordaitanthaceae

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Coriariaceae

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Cornaceae

Cornaceae (the dogwood family) is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. It contains approximately 110 species, mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen. Members of this family usually have opposite or alternate simple leaves, four- or five-parted flowers clustered in inflorescences or pseudanthia, and drupaceous fruits. In northern temperate areas, Cornaceae is well known from two genera: Cornus, the dogwoods, and Nyssa, the tupelos. [more]

Corokiaceae

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Corsiaceae

Corsiaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system (2003) treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. This is a slight change from the APG system, of 1998, which left the family unplaced as to order, but did assign it also to the monocots. [more]

Corylaceae

Betulaceae, or the Birch Family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams and hop-hornbeams, numbering about 130 species. They are mostly natives of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with a few species reaching the Southern Hemisphere in the Andes in South America. [more]

Corynocarpaceae

Corynocarpus is the only genus of plants in the family Corynocarpaceae. It comprises six species growing from New Guinea to New Zealand and islands in the western Pacific Ocean. [more]

Costaceae

Costaceae or the Costus Family is a family of pantropical monocots. They belong to the order Zingiberales, which contains other horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-paradise (Strelitziaceae), and edible ginger (Zingiberaceae). The seven genera contain about 100 species (1 in Monocostus, 2 in Dimerocostus, 16 in Tapeinochilos, 2 in Paracostus, ca. 8 in Chamaecostus, ca. 4 in Cheilocostus, ca. 80 in Costus) and are found in tropical climates of Asia, Africa, and Central/South America. [more]

Crassulaceae

Crassulaceae, or the orpine family, are a family of dicotyledons. They store water in their succulent leaves. They are found worldwide, but mostly occur in the Northern Hemisphere and southern Africa, typically in dry and/or cold areas where water may be scarce. The family includes about 1,400 species in 33 genera. [more]

Croomiaceae

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Crossosomataceae

Crossosomataceae is a small plant family, consisting of three genera of shrubs found only in the dry parts of the American southwest and Mexico. [more]

Crypteroniaceae

Crypteroniaceae is a family of flowering trees and shrubs. The family includes about 10 species in 3 genera, native to Indomalaya. [more]

Ctenolophonaceae

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Cucurbitaceae

The plant family Cucurbitaceae consists of various squashes, melons, and gourds, including crops such as cucumber, pumpkins, luffas, and watermelons. The family is predominantly distributed around the tropics, where those with edible fruits were amongst the earliest cultivated plants in both the Old and New Worlds. [more]

Cunoniaceae

The Cunoniaceae is a family of 26 genera and about 350 species of woody plants in the Antarctic flora, with many laurifolia species with glossy leaves endemic to laurel forest habitat. The family is native to Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, southern South America, the Mascarene Islands and southern Africa. Several of the genera have remarkable disjunct ranges, found on more than one continent, e.g. Cunonia in South Africa and New Caledonia, and Caldcluvia and Eucryphia in both Australia and South America. Caldcluvia also extends north of the Equator to the Philippines, and Geissois to Fiji in the Pacific Ocean. [more]

Cupressaceae

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Curtisiaceae

Curtisia dentata (commonly known as the Assegai tree, Umlahleni or Cape Lancewood) is a flowering tree from Southern Africa. It is the sole species in genus Curtisia, which was originally classed as a type of "Dogwood" (Cornaceae), but is now placed in its own unique family Curtisiaceae. It is increasingly popular as an ornamental tree for gardens, with dark glossy foliage and sprays of pure white berries. [more]

Cuscutaceae

Cuscuta (Dodder) is a genus of about 100-170 species of yellow, orange or red (rarely green) parasitic plants. Formerly treated as the only genus in the family Cuscutaceae, recent genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has shown that it is correctly placed in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. The genus is found throughout the temperate to tropical regions of the world, with the greatest species diversity in subtropical and tropical regions; the genus becomes rare in cool temperate climates, with only four species native to northern Europe. [more]

Cyanastraceae

Tecophilaeaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. [more]

Cycadaceae

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Cyclanthaceae

Cyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants. [more]

Cyclocheilaceae

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Cymodoceaceae

Cymodoceaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, sometimes known as the "manatee-grass family". Many taxonomists have not recognized this family. [more]

Cynomoriaceae

Herbs perennial, parasitic, reddish brown, without chloropyll, monoecious, rarely polygamous. Root fleshy. Stem simple or branched, cylindric. Leaves spiral, scalelike, caducous. Flowers densely gathered into a terminal, spadix, minute. Perianth lobes (1-) 4-6(-8) . Stamen 1. Ovary inferior, 1-loculed; ovule 1, pendulous; style simple, reduced to a nectary in male flowers. Fruit a nutlet.[4] [more]

Cyperaceae

Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses or rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 species described in about 109 genera. These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical Asia and tropical South America. While sedges may be found growing in all kinds of situations, many are associated with wetlands, or with poor soils. Ecological communities dominated by sedges are known as sedgelands. [more]

Cyphiaceae

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Cyphocarpaceae

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Cyrillaceae

Cyrillaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The family comprises two genera, each with a single species, Cyrilla racemiflora and . [more]

Cytinaceae

Cytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plant. It comprised two genera, Cytinus and Bdallophytum, totalling ten species. [more]

Dactylanthaceae

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Daphniphyllaceae

Daphniphyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Daphniphyllaceae, including about 25 species, all evergreen shrubs and trees native to east and southeast Asia. In older classifications the genus was treated in the family Euphorbiaceae. [more]

Dasypogonaceae

Dasypogonaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists: the plants involved were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. [more]

Datiscaceae

Datiscaceae are a family of Dicotyledonous plants, containing two species of the genus Datisca. Two other genera, Octomeles and Tetrameles are now classified in the Tetramelaceae family. [more]

Davidiaceae

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Davidsoniaceae

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Degeneriaceae

Degeneriaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognised by more than a few taxonomists, at least over the past few decades. [more]

Desfontainiaceae

Desfontainia Ruiz & Pav. is a genus of plant that contains one species, Desfontainia spinosa, a native of Chile that is also known as Taique. The uses include medicinal purposes and as an ornamental evergreen shrub. It grows to two metres in height and width and has glossy dark green leaves that are holly-like in appearance and glossy red tubular flowers with yellow tips. [more]

Dialypetalanthaceae

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Dianellaceae

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Diapensiaceae

Diapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, comprising 12 species in five genera. Three of the genera, , Galax, and Pyxidanthera, contain only a single species. The Asian species of Shortia were formerly separated as the genus Schizocodon, and some authors still recognize S. soldanelloides under that name. Another genus, Diplarche, was included in the family by some authors but is now regarded as a member of Ericaceae. [more]

Dichapetalaceae

Dichapetalaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 3 genera and about 165 species. Members of this family are trees, shrubs or lianas found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. [more]

Dicranophyllaceae

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Didiereaceae

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Didymelaceae

Didymelaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by a fair number of taxonomists, at least over the past few decades. [more]

Diegodendraceae

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Diervillaceae

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Dilleniaceae

Dilleniaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus Hibbertia, which contains many commercially valuable garden species. [more]

Dioncophyllaceae

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Dioscoreaceae

Dioscoreaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 750 species in eight or nine genera. The best-known member of the family is the Yam (Dioscorea). [more]

Dipentodontaceae

Dipentodon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dipentodontaceae. Its only species, Dipentodon sinicus, is a small, deciduous tree native to southern China, Burma, and northern India. It has been little studied and until recently its affinities remained obscure. [more]

Dipsacaceae

The Dipsacaceae, or teasel family, of the order Dipsacales contains 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs in eleven genera. Native to most temperate climates, they are found in Europe, Asia and Africa. Some species of this family have been naturalized in other places. [more]

Dipterocarpaceae

Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 17 genera and approximately 500 species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus Dipterocarpus, is derived from Greek (di = two, pteron = wing and karpos = fruit) and refers to the two-winged fruit. The largest genera are Shorea (196 species), Hopea (104 species), Dipterocarpus (70 species), and Vatica (65 species). Many are large forest emergent species, typically reaching heights of 40?70 m tall, some even over 80 m (in the genera Dryobalanops, Hopea and Shorea), with the tallest known living specimen (Shorea faguetiana) 88.3 m tall. The species of this family are of major importance in the timber trade. Their distribution is pantropical, from northern South America to Africa, the Seychelles, India, Indochina, Indonesia and Malaysia. The greatest diversity of dipterocarpaceae occurs in Borneo. Some species are now endangered as a result of overcutting, extensive illegal logging and habitat conversion. They provide valuable woods, aromatic essential oils, balsam, resins and are a source for plywood. [more]

Dirachmaceae

Dirachma is the sole genus of the family Dirachmaceae. The genus has been monotypic until a second species was recently discovered in Somalia (>). [more]

Donatiaceae

Donatia is a genus of two cushion plant species in the monogeneric family Donatiaceae. In the past, Donatia has been placed in the subfamily Donatioideae, described by Johannes Mildbraed in his 1908 taxonomic monograph of the family Stylidiaceae. The subfamily was created to distinguish the difference between the single genus Donatia from the five typical genera of the Stylidiaceae that Mildbraed placed in the Stylidioideae subfamily. The subfamily taxonomy represented the taxonomic uncertainty of Donatia, which had at one point also been placed in the Saxifragaceae. Donatia differs sufficiently from the genera in the Stylidiaceae in that it has free stamens and petals, paracytic stomata, and a pollen morphology distinct from the other genera. Because of this and the recent phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL genes, more recent treatments have segregated Donatia into its own family, the Donatiaceae. The molecular phylogenetic analysis has placed Donatia as a sister-group to Stylidiaceae, thus leaving the Stylidiaceae as a monophyletic family. [more]

Doryanthaceae

Doryanthaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 1998 and 2003 versions) does recognize this family. The family then includes only a single genus (Doryanthes) of few species of large plants in Eastern Australia. [more]

Dracaenaceae

Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It was previously treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Nolina. [more]

Droseraceae

Droseraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. The family is also known under its common name, the sundew family. [more]

Duabangaceae

Duabanga is a small genus of lowland evergreen rainforest trees in southeast Asia, comprising two or three species. [more]

Duckeodendraceae

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Ebenaceae

The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants, which includes ebony and persimmon. The family has approximately 500 species of trees and shrubs in two genera, Diospyros and Euclea. The species are mostly evergreen and native to the tropics and subtropics, with a few deciduous species native to temperate regions. Diospyros contains 450-500 species and a pantropical distribution, with the greatest diversity of species in Indomalaya. Euclea contains 20 species, native to Africa, the Comoro Islands, and Arabia. A persistent calyx on the fruits is characteristic of the family. [more]

Ecdeiocoleaceae

Ecdeiocoleaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has rarely been recognized by taxonomists. [more]

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnaceae, the oleaster family, is a plant family of the order Rosales comprising small trees and shrubs, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical Asia and Australia. The family has 45-50 species in three genera. [more]

Elaeocarpaceae

Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family approximately contains 605 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera. The largest genera are Elaeocarpus, with about 350 species, and Sloanea, with about 150. [more]

Elatinaceae

Elatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with 35-50 species in 2 genera: Elatine and Bergia. The Elatine are mostly aquatic herbs, and the Bergia are subshrubs to shrubs. Elatine species are widely distributed throughout the world from temperate to tropical zones, with its greatest diversity found in temperate zones. Bergia is found in temperate to tropical Eurasia and Africa, with two tropical and one tropical to temperate species in the Americas. The center for biodiversity of Bergia is the Old World tropics, and this is also the center for biodiversity for the family. Neither genus is found in arctic ecosystems. [more]

Elkinsiaceae

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Emblingiaceae

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Empetraceae

The Ericaceae, commonly known as the heath or heather family, is a group of mostly calcifuge (lime-hating) flowering plants. The family is large, with roughly 4000 species spread across 126 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. There are many well-known and economically important members of the Ericaceae, these include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, azalea, rhododendron, and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example). [more]

Emplectopteridaceae

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Emporiaceae

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Eospermaceae

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Epacridaceae

The Ericaceae, commonly known as the heath or heather family, is a group of mostly calcifuge (lime-hating) flowering plants. The family is large, with roughly 4000 species spread across 126 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. There are many well-known and economically important members of the Ericaceae, these include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, azalea, rhododendron, and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example). [more]

Ephedraceae

Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, Ephedraceae, and order, Ephedrales. Ephedra grows in dry climates over wide areas of the northern hemisphere, including southwestern North America, Europe, north Africa, and southwest and central Asia, and, in the southern hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. In temperate climates, most Ephedra species grow on shores or in sandy soils with direct sun exposure. Common names in English include Joint-pine, Jointfir, Mormon-tea or Brigham Tea. The Chinese name is mahuang (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ??; pinyin: m?hu?ng; Wade?Giles: ma-huang; literally "cannabis yellow"). Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), a common name for the flowering plant Coccoloba uvifera. [more]

Eremolepidaceae

Santalaceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. [more]

Eremosynaceae

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Ericaceae

The Ericaceae, commonly known as the heath or heather family, is a group of mostly calcifuge (lime-hating) flowering plants. The family is large, with roughly 4000 species spread across 126 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. There are many well-known and economically important members of the Ericaceae, these include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, azalea, rhododendron, and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example). [more]

Eriocaulaceae

The Eriocaulaceae or pipewort family is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order Poales. The family is large, with about 1,150-1,200 species described in ten genera. The family is widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical regions, particularly the Americas. Very few species extend to temperate regions, with e.g. only 16 species in the United States, mostly in the southern states from California to Florida, only two species in Canada, and only one species (Eriocaulon aquaticum) in Europe. They tend to be associated with wet soils, many growing in shallow water. This is also repoted from Southern part of India and the regions of Western Ghats Hot spots. [more]

Eriospermaceae

Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It was previously treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Nolina. [more]

Erythroxylaceae

The Erythroxylaceae (or coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and approximately 240 species. The four genera are Benth, Erythroxylum P. Br, Nectaropetalum Engl., and Pinacopodium (Hegnauer 1980, 279). [more]

Escalloniaceae

The Escalloniaceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 130 species in seven genera. In the APG II system it is one of eight families in the euasterids II clade (campanulids) that are unplaced as to order. More recent research has provided evidence that two of those families, Eremosynaceae and Tribelaceae, arose from within Escalloniaceae; the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website therefore merges these two families into Escalloniaceae, and also places the family alone in order Escalloniales. [more]

Eucommiaceae

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Eucryphiaceae

The Cunoniaceae is a family of 26 genera and about 350 species of woody plants in the Antarctic flora, with many laurifolia species with glossy leaves endemic to laurel forest habitat. The family is native to Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, southern South America, the Mascarene Islands and southern Africa. Several of the genera have remarkable disjunct ranges, found on more than one continent, e.g. Cunonia in South Africa and New Caledonia, and Caldcluvia and Eucryphia in both Australia and South America. Caldcluvia also extends north of the Equator to the Philippines, and Geissois to Fiji in the Pacific Ocean. [more]

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbiaceae, the Spurge family are a large family of flowering plants with 300 genera and around 7,500 species. Most are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are also shrubs or trees. Some are succulent and resemble cacti. [more]

Eupomatiaceae

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Eupteleaceae

Eupteleaceae is a family of flowering plants. [more]

Fabaceae

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. The group is the third largest land plant family, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species. The largest genera are Astragalus (over 2,400 species), Acacia (over 950 species), Indigofera (around 700 species), Crotalaria (around 700 species), and Mimosa (around 500 species). [more]

Fagaceae

The family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 900 species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, which are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. Fagaceous leaves are often lobed and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. The best-known group of this family is the oaks, genus Quercus, the fruit of which is a non-valved nut (usually containing one seed) called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. [more]

Flacourtiaceae

Flacourtiaceae is a defunct family of flowering plants whose former members have been scattered to various other families, mostly to Achariaceae, Samydaceae, and Salicaceae. It was so vaguely defined that hardly anything seemed out of place there and it became a dumping ground for odd and anomalous genera, gradually making the family even more heterogeneous. In 1975, Hermann Sleumer said "Flacourtiaceae as a family is a fiction; only the tribes are homogeneous." [more]

Flagellariaceae

Lianas high climbing, robust, glabrous. Rhizome sympodial, diffuse. Stems terete, solid, hard, apically usually equally branched; axillary buds absent. Leaves distichous, circinate; leaf sheath tubular, closed, connected with leaf blade by a short pseudopetiole; leaf blade grasslike, stomata paracytic, apex extended into tendril; tendril simple, involutely coiled, abaxially flattened, hard. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate. Flowers bisexual or rarely unisexual, sessile, actinomorphic, 3-merous, small; perianth segments 6, in 2 whorls, free, whitish, petaloid, membranous, persistent, 3 inner ones largest. Stamens 6, in 2 whorls, exserted; filaments filiform; anthers basifixed, linear-oblong to linear, sagittate, 2-loculed, latrorse, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen grains ulcerate and similar to those of grasses. Ovary superior, obtusely 3-angled, 3-loculed; ovule 1 per locule; placentation axile. Style very short; stigmas 3, linear-clavate. Fruit drupaceous with 1(or 2) seeds. Seeds globose or flattened; endosperm copious, starchy; embryo minute.[5] [more]

Foetidiaceae

[more]

Fouquieriaceae

Fouquieria is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo (F. splendens) and the boojum tree or cirio (F. columnaris). They have semi-succulent stems with thinner spikes projecting from them, with leaves on the bases spikes. They are unrelated to cacti and do not look much like them; their stems are proportionately thinner than cactus stems and their leaves are larger. [more]

Francoaceae

[more]

Frankeniaceae

Frankeniaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been widely recognized by many taxonomists; it has commonly been assumed to be closely related to family Tamaricaceae. [more]

Fumariaceae

Fumariaceae (fumitory, fumewort, or bleeding-heart family; sometimes treated as subfamily Fumarioideae under family Papaveraceae) is a family of about 575 species of herbaceous plants in 20 genera, native to the Northern Hemisphere and South Africa. [more]

Garryaceae

Garryaceae is a small family of dicotyledons, including only two genera: [more]

Geissolomataceae

[more]

Gelsemiaceae

[more]

Geniostomaceae

[more]

Genomospermaceae

[more]

Gentianaceae

Gentianaceae are a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and over 1500 species. [more]

Geosiridaceae

[more]

Geraniaceae

Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus Geranium. It includes both the genus Geranium (the cranesbills) and the garden plants called geraniums, which modern botany classifies as genus Pelargonium, along with other related genera. [more]

Gesneriaceae

Gesneriaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of ca. 150 genera and ca. 3,200 species in the Old World and New World tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants. [more]

Ginkgoaceae

The Ginkgoaceae is a family of gymnosperms which appeared during the Mesozoic Era, of which the only extant representative is Ginkgo biloba, which is for this reason sometimes regarded as a living fossil. Formerly, however, there were several other genera and forests of ginkgo existed. Because leaves can take such diverse forms within a single species, these are a poor measure of diversity, but wood structure points to the existence of diverse ginkgo forests in ancient times. [more]

Gisekiaceae

[more]

Glaucidiaceae

[more]

Globulariaceae

[more]

Glossopteridaceae

[more]

Gnetaceae

Gnetum is a genus of about 30-35 species of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae and order Gnetales. They are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms they possess vessel elements in the xylem. Some species have been proposed to have been the first plants to be insect pollinated as they occur in association with the extinct pollinating scorpionflies. [more]

Goetzeaceae

[more]

Gomortegaceae

Gomortega keule (syn. G. nitida; Spanish names Keule, Queule and Hualhual) is a tree native to Chile. It is the sole species of the genus Gomortega and, according to the APG II system of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), of the monotypic family Gomortegaceae, assigned to the order Laurales in the clade magnoliids. [more]

Gonystylaceae

[more]

Goodeniaceae

Goodeniaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Asterales. It contains about 404 species in twelve genera. The family is distributed mostly in Australia, except for the genus Scaevola, which is pantropical. Its species are found across most of Australia, being especially common in arid and semi-arid climates. [more]

Goupiaceae

[more]

Greyiaceae

The Melianthaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG II system includes them within the rosid clade. All members of the Melianthaceae proper are trees or shrubs found in tropical and southern Africa. Francoaceae (the Bridal wreaths) is sometimes included in the family, and consists of two monotypic genera found in Chile. [more]

Griseliniaceae

[more]

Grossulariaceae

Ribes is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants native throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually treated as the only genus in the family Grossulariaceae. Seven subgenera are recognized. [more]

Grubbiaceae

[more]

Gunneraceae

Gunneraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists. [more]

Gyrostemonaceae

[more]

Haemodoraceae

Haemodoraceae is a family of flowering plants. It is sometimes known as the "Bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemisphere family, they are found in South Africa, Australia and New Guinea, and in the Americas (from SE U.S.A. to tropical South America). [more]

Halophilaceae

[more]

Halophytaceae

[more]

Haloragaceae

Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a dicotyledon flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG III system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales. [more]

Hamamelidaceae

The Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. The earlier Cronquist system recognized Hamamelidaceae in the Hamamelidales order. [more]

Hanguanaceae

Hanguanaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been recognized by many taxonomists. [more]

Hectorellaceae

[more]

Heliconiaceae

Heliconia, derived from the Greek word helikonios, is a genus of about 100 to 200 species of flowering plants native to the tropical Americas and the Pacific Ocean islands west to Indonesia. Many species of Heliconia are found in rainforests or tropical wet forests of these regions. Common names for the genus include lobster-claws, wild plantains or false bird-of-paradise. The last term refers to their close similarity to the bird-of-paradise flowers (Strelitzia). Collectively, these plants are also simply referred to as heliconias. [more]

Heloniadaceae

[more]

Helosidaceae

[more]

Helwingiaceae

Shrubs, rarely small trees, dioecious, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, stipulate; stipules 2, early deciduous, divided or not; blade margins glandular serrate or crenate; veins pinnate. Inflorescences umbels, sessile, borne on midvein of leaf blade, rarely on petiole of leaves on upper part of young branches. Flowers 3- or 4(or 5) -merous, green or purple-green, unisexual; calyx teeth 3 or 4(or 5) ; petals 3 or 4(or 5) ; floral disk flat, fleshy. Staminate flowers 3 20 per umbel; stamens 3 or 4(or 5), alternate petals; anther locules 2. Carpellate flowers 1 4 per umbel; style short; stigma lobes 3 or 4(or 5), reflexed; ovary inferior, locules 3 or 4(or 5) ; ovules 1 per locule, pendulous, apotropous, with dorsal raphe. Fruit berries, drupelike. Seeds (stones) 1 4(or 5), with grooves and ridges when dry, crowned by persistent calyx and style; endosperm smooth; embryo straight.[6] [more]

Hemerocallidaceae

Hemerocallidoideae is the botanical name of a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the family Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato in the monocot order Asparagales according to the APG system of 2009. Earlier classification systems treated the group as a separate family, the Hemerocallidaceae. The name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Hemerocallis. The largest genera in the group are Dianella (with 20 species), Hemerocallis (15), and Caesia (11). [more]

Hernandiaceae

Hernandiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognised by most taxonomists. [more]

Herreriaceae

[more]

Hesperocallidaceae

[more]

Heteropyxidaceae

[more]

Himantandraceae

[more]

Hippocastanaceae

Hippocastanaceae is the name given to a small group of trees and shrubs, when this group is treated as a family. Its most widespread genus is Aesculus (the horse-chestnuts and buckeyes, syn. Pavia). However, the American genus Billia and the Chinese genus Handeliodendron are also sometimes included in this family. A feature of the family is the palmate compound leaves. [more]

Hippuridaceae

Hippuris, the Mare's tail, was previously the sole genus in the family Hippuridaceae. Following genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it has now been transferred to the family Plantaginaceae, with Hippuridaceae being reduced to synonymy under Plantaginaceae. [more]

Hoplestigmataceae

[more]

Hostaceae

[more]

Huaceae

Huaceae is a family of plant in the rosids group, which has been classed in the orders Malpighiales, Malvales, and Violales or in its own order Huales. The APG II system places it in the clade eurosids I, whereas the APG III system of 2009 placed it within the Oxalidales. It contains the following genera: [more]

Hugoniaceae

[more]

Humiriaceae

Humiriaceae (or, alternatively Houmiriaceae Juss.) is a family of evergreen flowering plants. It comprises 8 genera and about 50 species. [more]

Hyacinthaceae

Scilloideae is a subfamily of the monocot family Asparagaceae in the order Asparagales. The Scilloideae are bulbous flowering plants, which have sometimes been placed in a separate family, the Hyacinthaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Scilla. Some are popular spring-flowering garden bulbs, such as hyacinth (Hyacinthus), grape hyacinth (Muscari), bluebell (Hyacinthoides) and squill (Scilla). Others are summer- and autumn-flowering, including Galtonia and Eucomis ('pineapple lilies'). Most are native to the Mediterranean climate and neighboring zones in South Africa, the Mediterranean Basin to Central Asia and Burma, and South America. [more]

Hydatellaceae

[more]

Hydnoraceae

[more]

Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangeaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern Europe. [more]

Hydrastidaceae

[more]

Hydrocharitaceae

[more]

Hydrocotylaceae

[more]

Hydropeltidaceae

[more]

Hydrophyllaceae

Hydrophylloideae is a subfamily of the Boraginaceae family of flowering plants. Their taxonomic position is somewhat uncertain. Traditionally, and under the Cronquist system, they were given family rank under the name Hydrophyllaceae, and treated as part of the order Solanales. More recent systems have recognised their close relationship to the borage family, Boraginaceae, initially by placing Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae together in an order Boraginales, and most recently by demoting Hydrophyllaceae to a subfamily of Boraginaceae. However the placement and circumscription of Boraginaceae is still uncertain: it is unplaced at order level, and there is some prospect of it being split up again in future. [more]

Hydrostachyaceae

[more]

Hypecoaceae

[more]

Hypericaceae

Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales. Molecular data supports its monophyly. Some systematists[] treat it as a subfamily of the Clusiaceae. When it is accepted as a distinct family, it contains the following genera: [more]

Hypoxidaceae

[more]

Hypseocharitaceae

[more]

Icacinaceae

Icacinaceae is a family of flowering plants. It consists of trees, shrubs, and lianas, primarily of the tropics. [more]

Idiospermaceae

[more]

Illiciaceae

Illiciaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. [more]

Iridaceae

The Iris family or Iridaceae is a family of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants included in the monocot order Asparagales, taking its name from the genus Iris. Almost worldwide in distribution and one of the most important families in horticulture, it includes more than 2000 species. Genera such as Crocus and Iris are significant components of the floras of parts of Eurasia, and Iris also is well-represented in North America. Gladiolus and Moraea are large genera and major constituents of the flora of sub-Saharan and Southern Africa. Sisyrinchium, with more than 140 species, is the most diversified Iridaceae genus in the Americas, where several other genera occur, many of them important in tropical horticulture. [more]

Irvingiaceae

Irvingiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 20 species in 3 genera. [more]

Isophysidaceae

[more]

Iteaceae

[more]

Ixerbaceae

[more]

Ixioliriaceae

[more]

Ixonanthaceae

Ixonanthaceae is a family of woody flowering plants up to 90 m tall (Allantospermum borneense), consisting of about 30 species in 4 or 5 genera. [more]

Japonoliriaceae

[more]

Joinvilleaceae

Joinvilleaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998) assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family consists of one genus with four currently accepted species, distributed from the Malay Peninsula to the Caroline Islands and high islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is evolutionarily significant as a relictual group that is a close relative of grasses. They closely resemble large grass plants, in both general appearance and microanatomy, but possess fleshy fruits. [more]

Juglandaceae

The Juglandaceae, also known as the walnut family, is a family of trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Various members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. Members of the walnut family have large, aromatic leaves that are usually alternate, but opposite in Alfaroa and Oreomunnia. The leaves are pinnately compound, or ternate, and usually 20?100 cm long. [more]

Juncaceae

Juncaceae, the rush family, are a monocotyledonous family of flowering plants. There are eight genera and about 400 species. Members of the Juncaceae are slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous plants, and they may superficially resemble grasses. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The most well-known and biggest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes are annuals, but most are perennials. [more]

Juncaginaceae

Juncaginaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades. It is also known as the Arrowgrass family. [more]

Kaliphoraceae

[more]

Kingdoniaceae

[more]

Kirkiaceae

[more]

Koeberliniaceae

[more]

Krameriaceae

Krameria is the only genus in the Krameriaceae family, of which any of the approximately 17 species are commonly known as Rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried root of para rhatany () or Peruvian rhatany (Krameria lappacea). [more]

Lacistemataceae

Lacistemataceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting 2 genera, Lacistema Sw. (11 species) and Lozania Mutis ex Caldas (5 species). [more]

Lactoridaceae

[more]

Lagenostomaceae

[more]

Lamiaceae

The mints, taxonomically known as Lamiaceae or Labiatae, are a family of flowering plants. They have traditionally been considered closely related to Verbenaceae, but in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The currently accepted version of Verbenaceae may not be more closely related to Lamiaceae than some of the other families in the order Lamiales. It is not yet known which of the families in Lamiales is closest to Lamiaceae. [more]

Lanariaceae

[more]

Langsdorffiaceae

[more]

Lardizabalaceae

Lardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants. [more]

Lauraceae

The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family includes about 55 genera with perhaps as many as 4000 species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Most are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but one or two genera, including Sassafras are deciduous, and Cassytha is a genus of parasitic vines. [more]

Lecythidaceae

The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar. [more]

Ledocarpaceae

[more]

Leeaceae

Leea (Tagalog: Talyantan) is a genus of plants that are distributed throughout Northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, South and Southeast Asia and parts of Africa. Leea contains approximately 70 species and is placed in the Vitaceae family. The APG II system places Leea in the subfamily (Vitaceae). Leea is often placed in its own family, Leeaceae, based on morphological differences between it and Vitaceae. These differences include ovule number per locule (two in Vitaceae and one in Leeaceae), carpel number (two in Vitaceae and three in Leeaceae), and the absence or presence of a staminoidal tube (present in Leeaceae) and floral disc (present in Vitaceae). Pollen structure has also been examined for taxonomic demarcation, though studies have concluded that the pollen of Leeaceae and Vitaceae suggests the families should remain separate while other studies conclude that Leea should be included in Vitaceae. [more]

Leitneriaceae

Leitneria floridana (Corkwood), the sole species in the genus Leitneria, is a deciduous dioecious shrub or small tree, found only in the southeastern United States states of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Missouri and Texas. [more]

Lemnaceae

Duckweeds, or water lentils, are aquatic plants which float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving fresh water bodies. Also known as "bayroot", they arose from within the arum or aroid family, (Araceae), and therefore, often are classified as the subfamily Lemnoideae within the Araceae. Classifications created prior to the approximate end of the twentieth century tend to classify them as a separate family, Lemnaceae. [more]

Lennoaceae

Lennooideae is a subfamily of parasitic flowering plants of south-western North America and north-western South America. [more]

Lentibulariaceae

Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family) is a family of carnivorous plants containing three genera, Genlisea, the corkscrew plants, Pinguicula, the butterworts, and Utricularia, the bladderworts. [more]

Lepidobotryaceae

[more]

Leptostrobaceae

[more]

Lepuropetalaceae

[more]

Lilaeaceae

[more]

Liliaceae

The Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of monocotyledons in the order Liliales. Plants in this family have linear leaves, mostly with parallel veins but with several having net venation (e.g., Cardiocrinum, Clintonia, Medeola, Prosartes, Scoliopus, Tricyrtis), and flower arranged in threes. Several have bulbs, while others have rhizomes. Shade-dwelling genera usually have broad, net-veined leaves, fleshy fruits with animal-dispersed seeds, rhizomes, and small, inconspicuous flowers; genera native to sunny habitats usually have narrow, parallel-veined leaves, capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds, bulbs, and large, visually conspicuous flowers. [more]

Limnanthaceae

Limnanthaceae are a small family of annual herbs occurring throughout temperate North America. There are eight species and nineteen taxa currently recognized. Members of this family are prominent in vernal pool communities of California. Some taxa have been domesticated for use as an oil seed crop. Some members are listed as threatened or endangered and have been the focus of disputes over development plans (e.g. Limnanthes floccosa subsp. californica, Limnanthes vinculans ) [more]

Limnocharitaceae

Limnocharitaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales. It is commonly known as the water poppy family. They are small, perennial, aquatic herbs, native to the tropics, but adventive or naturalized in the subtropics as a result of cultivation. [more]

Linaceae

The Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes approximately 250 species. There are 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of Linaceae are always simple; arrangement varies from alternate (most species) to opposite (in Sclerolinon and some Linum) or whorled (in some Hesperolinon and Linum). The hermaphroditic, flowers are pentameric, or very rarely tetrameric (e.g. Radiola linoides, Linum keniense). [more]

Linnaeaceae

[more]

Lissocarpaceae

[more]

Loasaceae

The Loasaceae is a family of 15-20 genera and about 200-260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. The family comprises annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs and small trees. [more]

Lobeliaceae

[more]

Loganiaceae

Loganiaceae are a family of flowering plants classified in order Gentianales. The family includes 13 genera, distributed around the world's tropics. [more]

Lomandraceae

[more]

Lophiraceae

[more]

Lophophytaceae

[more]

Lophopyxidaceae

[more]

Loranthaceae

Loranthaceae is a family of flowering plants, which has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemi-parasites, all of them except three having the mistletoe habit. The three terrestrial species are Nuytsia floribunda - the Western Australian Christmas tree, - a rare shrub of the Blue Mountains of Australia, and the Central to South American species of Gaiadendron punctatum. [more]

Lowiaceae

Herbs rhizomatous. Stem very short. Leaves basal, distichous; petiole well developed, base sheathing; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong, with several pairs of longitudinal veins parallel to a distinct midvein. Inflorescence axillary or arising from rhizomes, cymose or reduced to a solitary flower, bracteate. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic. Sepals 3, lanceolate. Petals 3, very unequal; middle petal enlarged to form a labellum; lateral petals small, apex often aristate. Stamens 5; filaments short; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, 3-loculed, apex elongate; ovules numerous per locule; placentation axile. Style slender; stigmas 3, laciniate. Fruit a capsule, 3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, arillate; aril 3-lobed.[7] [more]

Luzuriagaceae

[more]

Lythraceae

Lythraceae are a family of flowering plants. It includes about 620 species of mostly herbs, with some shrubs and trees, in 31 genera. Major genera include Cuphea (275 spp.), Lagerstroemia (56), Nesaea (50), Rotala (45), and Lythrum (35). Lythraceae have a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics but ranging into temperate climate regions as well. [more]

Maesaceae

[more]

Magnoliaceae

The Magnoliaceae, or Magnolia Family, is a flowering plant family in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two subfamilies: [more]

Majonicaceae

[more]

Malesherbiaceae

[more]

Malpighiaceae

Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises approximately 75 genera and 1300 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World (the Caribbean and the southernmost United States to Argentina) and the rest in the Old World (Africa, Madagascar, and Indomalaya to New Caledonia and the Philippines). [more]

Malvaceae

Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao. The largest genera in terms of number of species include Hibiscus (300 species), Sterculia (250 species), Dombeya (225 species), Pavonia (200 species) and Sida (200 species[]). [more]

Marantaceae

The Marantaceae or arrowroot family is a family of flowering plants known for its large starchy rhizomes. It is sometimes called the prayer-plant family. Combined morphological and DNA phylogenetic analyses indicate the family originated in Africa, although this is not the center of its extant diversity. [more]

Marcgraviaceae

Marcgraviaceae is a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales. [more]

Martyniaceae

Herbs annual or perennial, sometimes with tuberous roots, usually viscid pubescent with uniseriate glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, alternate on upper parts of stem, simple, without stipules. Inflorescences terminal racemes; bracts small, deciduous; bractlets 1 or 2. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic. Calyx of 5 free or partly connate sepals. Corolla tubular, campanulate, or funnelform, laterally enlarged, bilabiate; lobes 5, imbricate. Stamens 2 or 4, inserted at base of corolla tube, adherent; anthers spreading. Disc annular. Ovary superior, 1-locular; parietal placentas T-shaped in section, false septa usually present; ovules few to numerous. Fruit with a fleshy exocarp soon disintegrating and exposing woody endocarp, with woody appendages including apical horns partly derived from style. Seeds black, rugose.[8] [more]

Mastixiaceae

Trees evergreen, resinous. Leaves opposite or alternate, petiolate, estipulate, simple, margin entire or rarely undulate, leathery to thickly papery, often pubescent with unicellular 2-armed trichomes, pinnately veined. Inflorescences paniculate cymes, terminal and axillary. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, 4- or 5-merous. Petals distinct, valvate. Anthers dorsifixed, dehiscing via longitudinal slits; pollen 3-aperturate. Ovary inferior, carpel 1, locule 1; ovule 1, pendulous; disk epigynous, fleshy; style 1, stigma punctiform, unlobed, or lobes slight, 2, 4, or 5. Fruit drupes, fleshy, or hard when dry; endocarp grooved; seed 1, endosperm fleshy; cotyledons 2, leafy; embryo small.[9] [more]

Maundiaceae

[more]

Mayacaceae

Mayaca is a genus of flowering plants, often placed in its own family, the Mayacaceae. In the APG II system of 2003, it is assigned to the Order Poales in the clade commelinids. The Cronquist system, of 1981, also recognised such a family and placed it in the order Commelinales in the subclass Commelinidae. The genus consists of probably fewer than a dozen species. [more]

Medeolaceae

[more]

Medullosaceae

[more]

Medusagynaceae

The jellyfish tree (Medusagyne oppositifolia) is a critically endangered and unusual tree endemic to the island of Mah?, of the Seychelles. It is the sole member of the genus Medusagyne. The plant was thought to be extinct until a few individuals were discovered in the 1970s. [more]

Medusandraceae

Medusandra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae. It has two species, and Medusandra mpomiana. M. richardsiana is the most common and well known. Both species are native to Cameroon and adjacent countries. [more]

Melanophyllaceae

Melanophylla is a genus of flowering plants endemic to Madagascar. The genus contains seven species of small trees and shrubs. [more]

Melanthiaceae

Melanthiaceae is a family of flowering perennial herbs in the Northern Hemisphere. The family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists, and the circumscription has varied. Early authors considered these plants to belong to the family Liliaceae, in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like the flowers of the Lily Family., while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family Trilliaceae. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recognize such a family and places it in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. As circumscribed by APG II it includes 11-16 genera of the plants that sometimes have been treated as family . [more]

Melastomataceae

The family Melastomataceae (alternatively Melastomaceae) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising some 200 genera and 4500 species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees. [more]

Meliaceae

The Meliaceae, or the Mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. [more]

Melianthaceae

The Melianthaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG II system includes them within the rosid clade. All members of the Melianthaceae proper are trees or shrubs found in tropical and southern Africa. Francoaceae (the Bridal wreaths) is sometimes included in the family, and consists of two monotypic genera found in Chile. [more]

Meliosmaceae

Sabiaceae is a family of flowering plants, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern Asia and the Americas. [more]

Memecylaceae

[more]

Menispermaceae

Menispermaceae, the botanical name for a family of flowering plants, has been universally recognized by taxonomists. Tubocurare, a neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in curare, is derived from plants of this family. [more]

Menyanthaceae

Menyanthaceae are a family of aquatic and wetland plants in the order Asterales. There are approximately 60-70 species in five genera distributed worldwide. The simple or compound leaves arise alternately from a creeping rhizome. In the submersed aquatic genus Nymphoides, leaves are floating and support a lax, umbellate or racemose inflorescence. In other genera the inflorescence is erect and consists of one (e.g., Liparophyllum) to many flowers. The sympetalous, insect-pollinated flowers are five-parted and either yellow or white. The petals are ciliate or adorned with lateral wings. Fruit type is a capsule. [more]

Metteniusaceae

[more]

Misodendraceae

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Mitrastemonaceae

[more]

Molluginaceae

Molluginaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by several taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes such a family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. The family comprises about a hundred species, and was previously included in the larger family Aizoaceae. [more]

Monimiaceae

Monimiaceae is a family of flowering plants, which includes 150-220 species of shrubs and small trees in 18-25 genera. They are native to the southern hemisphere tropics and subtropics. The largest genus is Tambourissa, with 50 species in Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, and the Comoros. The type genus, , is endemic to the Macarenes. [more]

Monotaceae

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Montiniaceae

[more]

Moraceae

Moraceae ? often called the mulberry family or fig family ? are a family of flowering plants comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates. The only synapomorphy within Moraceae is presence of laticifers and milky sap in all parenchymatous tissues, but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruits. Included are well-known plants such as the fig, banyan, breadfruit, mulberry, and Osage-orange. The 'flowers' of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences). [more]

Morinaceae

[more]

Moringaceae

Moringa is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Moringaceae. The name is derived from the Tamil word murunggai (????????) or the Malayalam word muringa, both of which refer to M. oleifera. It contains 13 species from tropical and subtropical climates that range in size from tiny herbs to massive trees. [more]

Muntingiaceae

[more]

Musaceae

Musaceae ( or /mju?'ze???.i?/) is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves with overlapping basal sheaths that form a pseudostem making some members appear to be woody trees. [more]

Myoporaceae

Myoporaceae is a family of plants, found mostly in Australia, which includes the following genera: [more]

Myricaceae

The Myricaceae is a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from Myrica into a fourth genus Morella. About 35 species are usually accepted in Myrica, one in Canacomyrica and one in Comptonia. [more]

Myristicaceae

Myristicaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists; it is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). [more]

Myrothamnaceae

[more]

Myrsinaceae

Myrsinaceae, or the Myrsine family, is a rather large family from the order Ericales. It consists of 35 genera and about 1000 species. [more]

Myrtaceae

The Myrtaceae or Myrtle family are a family of dicotyledon plants, placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, clove, guava, feijoa, allspice, and eucalyptus belong here. All species are woody, with essential oils, and flower parts in multiples of four or five. One notable character of the family is that the phloem is located on both sides of the xylem, not just outside as in most other plants. The leaves are evergreen, alternate to mostly opposite, simple, and usually with an entire (not toothed) margin. The flowers have a base number of five petals, though in several genera the petals are minute or absent. The stamens are usually very conspicuous, brightly colored and numerous. [more]

Mystropetalaceae

[more]

Najadaceae

Najas is the botanical name of a genus of aquatic plants, first discovered by the African adventurer, . It is cosmopolitan in distribution, totalling a few dozen species. Until 1997, it was rarely placed in the Hydrocharitaceae, and was often taken as constituting (by itself) the family Najadaceae. [more]

Nandinaceae

[more]

Napoleonaeaceae

[more]

Nartheciaceae

[more]

Nelumbonaceae

Nelumbo is a genus of aquatic plants with large, showy flowers resembling water lilies, commonly known as lotus. The generic name is derived from the Sinhalese word Nelum. There are only two known living species in the genus. The sacred lotus (N. nucifera) is native to Asia, and is the better known of the two. It is commonly cultivated, and also used in Chinese medicine and cooking. This species is the national flower of Egypt, India and Vietnam. The American lotus (N. lutea) is native to North America and the Caribbean. Horticultural hybrids have been produced between these two geographically separated species. A third, extinct species, N. aureavallis, is known from Eocene fossils from North Dakota, United States. [more]

Nemacladaceae

[more]

Nepenthaceae

The Nepenthes (), popularly known as tropical pitcher plants or monkey cups, are a genus of carnivorous plants in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. The genus comprises roughly 140 species, numerous natural and many cultivated hybrids. They are mostly liana-forming plants of the Old World tropics, ranging from South China, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines; westward to Madagascar (2 species) and the Seychelles (1); southward to Australia (3) and New Caledonia (1); and northward to India (1) and Sri Lanka (1). The greatest diversity occurs on Borneo and Sumatra with many endemic species. Many are plants of hot humid lowland areas, but the majority are tropical montane plants, receiving warm days but cool to cold humid nights year round. A few are considered tropical alpine with cool days and nights near freezing. The name monkey cups refers to the fact that monkeys have been observed drinking rainwater from these plants. [more]

Neuradaceae

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Nitrariaceae

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Nolinaceae

[more]

Nothofagaceae

[more]

Nupharaceae

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Nyctaginaceae

Nyctaginaceae, the Four O'Clock Family, is a family of around 33 genera and 290 species of flowering plants, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives in temperate regions. The family has a unique fruit type, called an "anthocarp", and many genera have extremely large (>100 ?m) pollen grains. [more]

Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae ( or /?n?mfi?'e?si.i?/) is a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains eight genera. There are about 70 species of water lilies around the world. The genus Nymphaea contains about 35 species across the Northern Hemisphere. The genus Victoria contains two species of giant water lilies and can be found in South America. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on the water surface. The leaves are round, with a radial notch in Nymphaea and Nuphar, but fully circular in Victoria. [more]

Nyssaceae

Nyssaceae is a small family of flowering trees closely related to and often included within the dogwood family (Cornaceae). Nyssaceae commonly includes the following genera: [more]

Ochnaceae

The family Ochnaceae, or wild plane family, comprises mainly trees or shrubs, and more rarely herbaceous plants. Species of the Ochnaceae are found from subtropical to tropical regions. They are best represented in South America. The family has about 53 genera and 600 species. [more]

Octoknemaceae

[more]

Oftiaceae

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Olacaceae

Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. [more]

Oleaceae

[more]

Oliniaceae

[more]

Onagraceae

Onagraceae, also known as the Willowherb family or Evening Primrose family, are a family of flowering plants. The family includes about 640-650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees in 20-24 genera. The family is widespread, on every continent from boreal to tropical regions. [more]

Oncothecaceae

[more]

Ophiopogonaceae

[more]

Opiliaceae

Opiliaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. It consists of perhaps a dozen genera, totalling several dozen species of tropical woody plants. Several genera contain parasitic species. The biggest genus, in number of species and in stature of the individual plants, is Agonandra, the only American genus. Except for the Australian genus Anthobolus (previously placed in Santalaceae), all other members of the family are found in the Old World tropics, where they are widespread. [more]

Orchidaceae

The Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales. Along with the Asteraceae, it is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species, found in 880 genera. Selecting which of the two families is larger remains elusive because of the difficulties associated with putting hard species numbers on such enormous groups. Regardless, the number of orchid species equals more than twice the number of bird species, and about four times the number of mammal species. It also encompasses about 6?11% of all seed plants. The largest genera are Bulbophyllum (2,000 species), Epidendrum (1,500 species), Dendrobium (1,400 species) and Pleurothallis (1,000 species). [more]

Oxalidaceae

The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of eight genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 900 species in the genus Oxalis (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divided leaves, the leaflets showing "sleep movements", spreading open in light and closing in darkness. [more]

Paeoniaceae

[more]

Pandaceae

[more]

Pandanaceae

Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics of the Old World. Such a family has been widely recognized by taxonomists. Pandanaceae are trees or climbing or scrambling shrubs distributed in the Old World tropics and are adapted from sea level in salted beaches to mountain cloud forest, and riverine forest habitat. The fruit is a drupe. [more]

Papaveraceae

Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family of 44 genera and approximately 770 species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates, but almost unknown in the tropics. Most are herbaceous plants, but a few are shrubs and small trees. [more]

Paracryphiaceae

[more]

Parnassiaceae

[more]

Passifloraceae

Passifloraceae is a family of flowering plants, containing about 530 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. [more]

Pedaliaceae

Pedaliaceae (pedalium family or sesame family) is a flowering plant family classified in the order Scrophulariales in the Cronquist system and Lamiales in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system. Cronquist included the family Martyniaceae in Pedaliaceae, but phylogenetic studies have shown that the two families are not closely related and they are maintained as separate by the APG. Both families are characterized by having mucilaginous hairs, which often give the stems and leaves a slimy or clammy feel, and often have fruits with hooks or horns. [more]

Peganaceae

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Pellicieraceae

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Peltaspermaceae

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Penaeaceae

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Pentadiplandraceae

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Pentaphragmataceae

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Pentaphylacaceae

Shrubs or trees, evergreen. Stipules persistent. Leaves simple, alternate. Flowers axillary, bisexual, actinomorphic, arranged into pseudospikes or pseudoracemes along branchlets below apex. Bracteoles 2, persistent, close to calyx. Sepals 5, persistent, unequal, imbricate. Petals 5, white, imbricate in bud, basally slightly connate. Stamens 5, inflexed in bud, alternate with petals, shorter than petals; anthers small, 2-celled, dehiscing by apical pores. Ovary superior, 5-loculed; ovules 2 per locule, collateral, pendulous from locule apex; style simple, apically 5-lobed. Capsule 5-loculed, loculicidal. Seeds 2 per locule; embryo U-shaped; endosperm very thin.[10] [more]

Pentastemonaceae

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Penthoraceae

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Peperomiaceae

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Peridiscaceae

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Petermanniaceae

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Petiveriaceae

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Petrosaviaceae

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Phellinaceae

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Philesiaceae

[more]

Philydraceae

Philydraceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been recognized by many taxonomists. [more]

Phormiaceae

[more]

Phrymaceae

Phrymaceae (Schauer 1847), also known as the Lopseed family, is a small plant family in the order Lamiales. It now consists of about 190 species, distributed worldwide but with the majority in western North America (about 130 species) and Australia (about 30 species). [more]

Phyllonomaceae

[more]

Physenaceae

[more]

Physostomaceae

[more]

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolaccaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been almost universally recognized by taxonomists, although its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. [more]

Pinaceae

Pinaceae (the pine family) are trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly known as Coniferales. Pinaceae are supported as monophyletic by its protein-type sieve cell plastids, pattern of proembryogeny, and lack of bioflavonoids. They are the largest extant conifer family in species diversity, with between 220-250 species (depending on taxonomic opinion) in 11 genera, and the second-largest (after Cupressaceae) in geographical range, found in most of the Northern Hemisphere with the majority of the species in temperate climates but ranging from sub arctic to tropical. The family often forms the dominant component of boreal, coastal and montane forests. One species just crosses the equator in southeast Asia. Major centres of diversity are found in the mountains of southwest China, Mexico, central Japan and California. [more]

Piperaceae

The Piperaceae, also known as the pepper family, is a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,610 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of peppers can be found within the two main genera: Piper (2000 species) and Peperomia (1600 species). [more]

Pistiaceae

[more]

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family includes approximately 200 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9-10 genera. The species of Pittosporaceae range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropic, Indomalaya, Oceania, and Australasia ecozones. [more]

Plagiopteraceae

[more]

Plantaginaceae

Plantaginaceae Juss. or plantain family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales. The type genus is Plantago L.. [more]

Platanaceae

Platanaceae is a family of flowering plants. It has been recognized by almost all taxonomists, and is sometimes called the "plane-tree family". The plane-tree is referenced in Pliny the Younger's letter to Domitius Apollinaris as part of his description of his Tuscan Villa located somewhere in Tuscany in the 1st Century. [more]

Plocospermataceae

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Plumbaginaceae

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Poaceae

The Poaceae (also known as the Gramineae) is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocot flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called (land) grasses, although the term (land) "grass" is also applied to plants that are not in the Poaceae lineage, including the rushes (Juncaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae). As for the seagrasses, they all belong to the Alismatales, a different monocot order altogether. This broad and general use of the word "grass" has led to plants of the Poaceae often being called "true grasses". With over 10,025 currently accepted species, the Poaceae represent the fifth largest plant family. Only the Orchidaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae have more species. [more]

Podoaceae

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Podocarpaceae

Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. It contains 19 genera if Phyllocladus is included and if Manoao and Sundacarpus are recognized. [more]

Podophyllaceae

[more]

Podostemaceae

The Podostemaceae (riverweed family) is a family in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 50 genera and 250 species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs. [more]

Polemoniaceae

Polemoniaceae (Jacob's-ladder or phlox family) are a family of about 25 genera with 270-400 species of annual and perennial plants, native to the Northern Hemisphere and South America, with the center of diversity in western North America, especially in California. [more]

Polygalaceae

The Polygalaceae (syn. Diclidantheraceae, Moutabeaceae, Xanthophyllaceae) or Milkwort family is made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 17 genera and 900?1,000 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one genus, Polygala, the milkworts. [more]

Polygonaceae

Polygonaceae is a family of flowering plants known informally as the "knotweed family" or "smartweed family"? "buckwheat family" in the United States. The name is based on the genus Polygonum and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum. The name refers to the many swollen nodes that the stems of some species have. It is derived from Greek; poly means many and goni means knee or joint. [more]

Pontederiaceae

Pontederiaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. [more]

Portulacaceae

Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising about 20 genera with about 500 species, ranging from herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is also known as the purslane family; it has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the highest diversity in semi-arid regions of the Southern Hemisphere in Africa, Australia, and South America, but with a few species also extending north into Arctic regions. The family is very similar to the Caryophyllaceae differing in the calyx which has only two sepals. [more]

Posidoniaceae

Posidonia is a genus of flowering plants. It contains two to nine species of marine plants ("seagrass"), found in the seas of the Mediterranean and around the south coast of Australia. [more]

Potamogetonaceae

The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. There are roughly 120 species spread across six genera in the Potamagetonaceae. The largest genus in the family by far is Potamogeton, which contains about 100 species. [more]

Potonieaceae

[more]

Pottingeriaceae

[more]

Primulaceae

Primulaceae is a family of flowering plants with about 24 genera, including some favorite garden plants and wildflowers. It is also known as the primrose family. [more]

Proteaceae

Proteaceae is a family of flowering plants distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises about 80 genera with about 1600 species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Proteales. Well known genera include Protea, Banksia, Embothrium, Grevillea, Hakea, Dryandra and Macadamia. Species such as the New South Wales Waratah (Telopea speciosissima), King Protea (Protea cynaroides), and various species of Banksia, Grevillea, and Leucadendron are popular cut flowers, while the nuts of Macadamia integrifolia are widely commercially grown and consumed. [more]

Psiloxylaceae

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Ptaeroxylaceae

[more]

Pteridophyllaceae

[more]

Pterostemonaceae

[more]

Punicaceae

Punica is a small genus of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small trees. Its best known species is the pomegranate (Punica granatum). The only other species in the genus, the Socotra pomegranate (Punica protopunica), is endemic on the island of Socotra. It differs in having pink (not red) flowers and smaller, less sweet fruit. [more]

Quiinaceae

Quiinaceae Engl. is a neotropical family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales, consisting of about 50 species in 4 genera (, Lacunaria, Quiina, Touroulia). The APG III system of flowering plant classification does not recognize such a family, instead including these genera in the Ochnaceae family. [more]

Rafflesiaceae

Rafflesiaceae is a family of parasitic plants found in east and southeast Asia, including Rafflesia arnoldii, the plant with the largest flower of all plants. The plants are endoparasites of vines in the genus Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) and lack stems, leaves, roots, and any photosynthetic tissue. Only the flowers emerge from the roots or lower stems of the host plants. [more]

Ranunculaceae

[more]

Ranzaniaceae

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Rapateaceae

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Reaumuriaceae

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Resedaceae

Resedaceae is a family of generally herbaceous dicotyledonous plants comprising some 70 species in six genera: [more]

Restionaceae

Restionaceae, also called restiads, is the botanical name for a family of rush-like flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere. The Restionaceae likely originated during the Cretaceous period, based on evidence from fossil pollen. [more]

Retziaceae

[more]

Rhabdodendraceae

[more]

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnaceae, the Buckthorn family, is a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs and some vines. [more]

Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophoraceae is a family constituted by tropical or subtropical flowering plants. Among the better known members are mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. There are around 149 species distributed in sixteen genera, most native to the Old World. [more]

Rhoipteleaceae

Rhoiptelea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Juglandaceae family. It contains a single species, Rhoiptelea chiliantha, commonly known as the horsetail tree. This genus was previously recognized in its own family, Rhoipteleaceae, but the APG III system of 2009 placed it in the Juglandaceae family. Rhoiptelea chiliantha is native to southwest China and north Vietnam and lives at the elevation of 700-1600m in mountainous areas. The trees are wind-pollinated, the flowers arranged in large sagged panicles usually 32 cm long like horse tails, and the fruit is a small botanical nut with rounded wings. The leaves are pinnately compound and papery. The trees are usually 17 m high and with 40 cm diameter. It is a protected species of China. [more]

Rhynchocalycaceae

Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides is a small flowering tree, the sole species of family Rhynchocalycaceae. It is endemic to the KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic ecoregion of the Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. [more]

Rhynchothecaceae

[more]

Ripogonaceae

[more]

Roridulaceae

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Rosaceae

Rosaceae (the rose family) are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 species in 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera are Alchemilla (270), Sorbus (260), Crataegus (260), Cotoneaster (260), and Rubus (250). The largest genus by far is Prunus (plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and almonds) with about 430 species. However, all of these numbers should be seen as underestimates - much taxonomic work is left to be done here. [more]

Rousseaceae

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Rubiaceae

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Rufloriaceae

[more]

Ruppiaceae

Ruppia, also known as the ditch grasses, is the only genus in the family Ruppiaceae. Such a family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists. The genus name was given in honour of Heinrich Bernhard Rupp, a German botanist (1688-1719). [more]

Ruscaceae

[more]

Rutaceae

Rutaceae, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, is a family of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales. [more]

Sabiaceae

Sabiaceae is a family of flowering plants, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern Asia and the Americas. [more]

Saccifoliaceae

[more]

Salicaceae

Salicaceae or the willow family (although they contain more than just the willow genus, Salix) are a family of flowering plants. Recent genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) has greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 55 genera. [more]

Salvadoraceae

Salvadoraceae is a family in the plant order Brassicales, comprising 3 genera totalling around 12 species. They occur in Africa, including Madagascar; South East Asia; and have also been found on Java, suggesting they are probably found in much of Malesia. They are often found in hot, dry areas. [more]

Sambucaceae

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Santalaceae

Santalaceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. [more]

Sapindaceae

Sapindaceae, also known as the soapberry family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales. There are about 140?150 genera with 1400?2000 species, including maple, horse chestnut and lychee. [more]

Sapotaceae

Sapotaceae is a family of flowering plants, belonging to order Ericales. The family includes approximately 800 species of evergreen trees and shrubs in approximately 65 genera (35-75, depending on generic definition). Distribution is pantropical. [more]

Sarcolaenaceae

The Sarcolaenaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to Madagascar. The family includes 40 species of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs in ten genera. [more]

Sarcophytaceae

[more]

Sargentodoxaceae

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Sarraceniaceae

Sarraceniaceae is a family of pitcher plants (along with Nepenthaceae), belonging to order Ericales (previously Nepenthales). [more]

Saururaceae

Saururaceae is a plant family comprising four genera and seven species of herbaceous flowering plants native to eastern and southern Asia and North America. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is sometimes known as the "lizard's-tail family". The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the 1998 APG system) assigned it to the order Piperales in the clade magnoliids. [more]

Sauvagesiaceae

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Saxifragaceae

Saxifragaceae is a plant family with about 460 known species in 36 genera. In Europe there are 12 genera. [more]

Scheuchzeriaceae

Scheuchzeria palustris (Rannoch-rush, pod grass, or Scheuchzeria), is a flowering plant, the only species in the genus Scheuchzeria, itself the only genus in the family Scheuchzeriaceae. In the APG II system this is placed in the order Alismatales of the monocots. [more]

Schisandraceae

Schisandraceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. Before that, the plants concerned were assigned to family Magnoliaceae. [more]

Sclerophylacaceae

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Scoliopaceae

[more]

Scrophulariaceae

Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, are a family of flowering plants. The plants are annual or perennial herbs with flowers with bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains. The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.. [more]

Scybaliaceae

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Scyphostegiaceae

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Scytopetalaceae

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Sesuviaceae

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Setchellanthaceae

[more]

Simaroubaceae

The Simaroubaceae is a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 2007, greatly clarifying relationships within the family. [more]

Simmondsiaceae

Simmondsiaceae or the Jojoba Family is a family of flowering plants. The family is not recognized by all taxonomic systems, the single species, Simmondsia chinensis, often being treated as belonging to family Buxaceae. [more]

Smilacaceae

Smilacaceae, the greenbrier family, is a family of flowering plants. Up to some decades ago the genera now included in family Smilacaceae were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, but for the past twenty to thirty years most botanists have accepted Smilacaceae as a distinct family. It is considered that the two families evolved[] around 55 millions years ago during the Early Paleogene possibly near the boundary between Paleocene and Eocene. One characteristic that distinguishes Smilacaceae from most of the other members of the Liliaceae-like Liliales is that it has true vessels in its conducting tissue. Another is that the veins of the leaves, between major veins, are reticulate (net-shaped), rather than parallel as in most monocots. [more]

Solanaceae

Solanaceae are a family of flowering plants that include a number of important agricultural crops as well as many toxic plants. The name of the family comes from the Latin Solanum "the nightshade plant", but the further etymology of that word is unclear. Most likely, the name comes from the perceived resemblance that some of the flowers bear to the sun and its rays, and in fact a species of Solanum (Solanum nigrum) is known as the sunberry. Alternatively, it has been suggested the name originates from the Latin verb solari, meaning "to soothe". This presumably refers to soothing pharmacological properties of some of the psychoactive species of the family. [more]

Sonneratiaceae

Sonneratiaceae was a family of flowering plants placed in the order Myrtales by the Cronquist system. It consisted of two genera, Sonneratia and Duabanga. These are now generally placed in their own monotypic subfamilies of the family Lythraceae, making Sonneratiaceae superfluous. [more]

Sparganiaceae

Sparganiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists. [more]

Sphaerosepalaceae

[more]

Sphenocleaceae

Sphenoclea is a genus of succulent erect annual herbs. They occur in damp habitats throughout the tropics. [more]

Sphenostemonaceae

[more]

Spigeliaceae

[more]

Stachyuraceae

Stachyuraceae is a flowering plant family of shrubs and small trees native to East and Southeast Asia. The plants have leaves with serrate margins and flowers in long, hanging racemes. [more]

Stackhousiaceae

Stackhousiaceae R.Br. is an obsolete family of plants, now merged into the Celastraceae family. When accepted, it comprised the following genera: [more]

Stangeriaceae

Stangeriaceae is the smallest family of cycads, both in number of living and fossil species. The family contains only two living genera, Stangeria and Bowenia, though the latter genus has been recommended for placement in a separate family by itself. [more]

Staphyleaceae

Staphyleaceae is a small family of five genera of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, native to the Northern Hemisphere and also in South America. The genus Staphylea, which gives the family its name, contains the "bladdernut" trees. [more]

Stegnospermaceae

[more]

Stemonaceae

Stemonaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of three or four genera with between 25-35 species. The APG II system places it in the order Pandanales, in the monocots. The family is native to southeastern Asia and northern Australasia, with one species in North America. [more]

Stenomeridaceae

[more]

Sterculiaceae

Sterculiaceae is a botanical name for a group of flowering plants at the rank of family, which is now considered obsolete. As is true for any botanical name, the circumscription, status and placement of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view. The family name is based on the genus Sterculia. [more]

Stilbaceae

[more]

Strasburgeriaceae

[more]

Strelitziaceae

Strelitziaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The plants are very similar in appearance and growth habit to members of the related families Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (banana family). The genera of Strelitziaceae have been included in Musaceae in some classifications, but are generally recognized as a separate family in more recent treatments such as the APG II system (2003). The APG II system assigns Strelitziaceae to the order Zingiberales in the commelinid clade. [more]

Strychnaceae

[more]

Stylidiaceae

The family Stylidiaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It consists of five genera with over 240 species, most of which are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Members of Stylidiaceae are typically grass-like herbs or small shrubs and can be perennials or annuals. Most species are free standing or self-supporting, though a few can be climbing or scrambling (Stylidium scandens uses leaf tips recurved into hooks to climb). [more]

Styracaceae

Styracaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 11 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [more]

Surianaceae

Surianaceae is a family of plants in the order Fabales. It has an unusual distribution: the genus Recchia is native to Mexico, and the sole member of Suriana, S. maritima, is a coastal plant with a pantropical distribution; and the remaining three genera are endemic to Australia. [more]

Symphoremataceae

[more]

Symplocaceae

Symplocaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, including two genera, Symplocos and >, totalling about 320 species native to Asia, Australia and the Americas. [more]

Taccaceae

Dioscoreaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 750 species in eight or nine genera. The best-known member of the family is the Yam (Dioscorea). [more]

Tamaricaceae

Tamaricaceae (the tamarisk family) is a flowering plant family containing four genera. In the 1980s, the family was classified in the Violales under the Cronquist system; more modern classifications (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) place them in the Caryophyllales. [more]

Tapisciaceae

[more]

Taxaceae

The family Taxaceae, commonly called the yew family, includes three genera and about 7 to 12 species of coniferous plants, or in other interpretations (see Classification, below), six genera and about 30 species. [more]

Taxodiaceae

The Taxodiaceae were at one time regarded as a distinct plant family comprising the following ten genera of coniferous trees: [more]

Tecophilaeaceae

[more]

Tepuianthaceae

[more]

Tetracarpaeaceae

[more]

Tetracentraceae

Trees, evergreen, with vessel-less wood. Terminal bud at first enclosed by stipule, later free. Stipule adnate to petiole. Leaves simple, alternate on long, 1-year-old branchlets or single and subterminal on short, many-year-old branchlets, marked by crowded concentric scars from petiole bases and bud scales from former years; leaf blade palmately veined. Inflorescences catkinlike multiflowered spikes, borne near base of petiole at apex of short branchlets. Flowers bisexual, in whorls of 4 alternating on inflorescence, 4-merous. Sepals 4. Petals absent. Stamens 4, opposite sepals; anthers basifixed. Ovary superior; carpels 4, alternating with stamens, united at base, each 1-loculed; placenta 2 per locule, parallel along the locule ventral suture; ovules (5 or) 6, attached near placenta middle, horizontal at anthesis. Seeds with oily endosperm; embryo minute.[11] [more]

Tetrachondraceae

[more]

Tetradiclidaceae

[more]

Tetragoniaceae

[more]

Tetramelaceae

Tetrameristaceae

[more]

Thalassiaceae

[more]

Theaceae

The Theaceae is a family of flowering plants, composed of shrubs and trees. Some botanists include the family Ternstroemiaceae within the Theaceae while others do not. Theaceae can be described as having anywhere from 7-40 genera, depending on the source and the method of circumscription used. [more]

Theligonaceae

[more]

Theophrastaceae

Theophrastaceae is a small family of flowering plants. As currently circumscribed, the family consists of seven genera and 95 species of trees or shrubs, native to tropical regions of the Americas. [more]

Thismiaceae

[more]

Thurniaceae

[more]

Thymelaeaceae

Thymelaeaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species. It was established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. [more]

Ticodendraceae

Ticodendron incognitum is the only species of Ticodendron, and the only member of the family Ticodendraceae. It is most closely related to the family Betulaceae. [more]

Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family is not part of APG II, but it is found all through the botanical literature and remains prominently listed by nomenclatural databases such as IPNI. [more]

Tofieldiaceae

[more]

Toricelliaceae

Trees or shrubs, dioecious. Branches spreading, thick, with conspicuous leaf scars; pith soft, white, wide in relation to twig. Leaves alternate, petiolate, estipulate, simple; petiole elongate, expanding at base, sheathing; leaf blade broadly cordate to nearly orbicular, papery, unlobed or slightly lobed, lobes 5 7( 9), glabrous or pubescent, trichomes multicellular, glandular, veins palmate, 5 7( 9), margin entire or serrate. Inflorescences racemiform panicles, terminal, pendulous. Flowers unisexual, shortly pedicellate, bracteolate. Staminate flowers: calyx 5-dentate, teeth small, unequal; petals 5, narrowly elliptic, apex inflexed; stamens 5, filaments short, anthers oblong, locules 2, longitudinally dehiscent; vestigial styles 1 3, minute. Carpellate flowers: calyx lobes 3 5, unequal, acutely triangular; petals and vestigial stamens absent; ovary inferior, locules 3 or 4, often only 1 locule with a pendulous ovule; styles 3, persistent, 3 4 mm, thick, apex often 2-lobed; stigmas 3, often curved and extending downward. Fruit drupelike, purple red or black, ovoid or obliquely ovoid, crowned by persistent calyx and styles; stone of fruit with a triangular germination valve. Seeds linear, curved; embryo at apex of fleshy endosperm.[12] [more]

Tovariaceae

[more]

Trapaceae

The water caltrop, water chestnut, buffalo nut, bat nut, devil pod or Singhara (???????) or Pani-fol (??????) is either of two species of the genus Trapa: Trapa natans and Trapa bicornis. Both species are floating annual aquatic plants, growing in slow-moving water up to 5 meters deep, native to warm temperate parts of Eurasia and Africa. They bear ornately shaped fruits, which in the case of T. bicornis resemble the head of a bull, each fruit containing a single very large starchy seed. It has been cultivated in China and India for at least 3,000 years for the seeds. [more]

Trapellaceae

[more]

Tremandraceae

[more]

Tribelaceae

[more]

Trichopityaceae

[more]

Trichopodaceae

[more]

Tricyrtidaceae

[more]

Trigoniaceae

Trigoniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 28 species in 4 genera. It is a tropical family found in Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Central and South America. [more]

Trigonocarpaceae

[more]

Trilliaceae

Trilliaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised as distinct since 1846 when it was recognized; this table [1] for a summarizes the placement of these taxa. The family has been recognized by taxonomists such as Takhtajan, Dahlgren, Thorne, and Watson & Dallwitz; other taxonomists have considered these plants to belong to the family Liliaceae. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does not recognize such a family either and assigns the plants involved to family Melanthiaceae. One problem with this recognition is the lack of morphological synapomorphies for the family Melanthiaceae; this chart [2] provides a summary of the characters in each of the major groups. [more]

Trimeniaceae

[more]

Triplostegiaceae

[more]

Triuridaceae

Triuridaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists. [more]

Trochodendraceae

Trees or shrubs, evergreen, with vessel-less wood. Reproductive shoots sympodial. Stipules absent. Leaves spirally arranged, pseudoverticillate, simple, petiolate; leaf blade pinnately veined. Inflorescences terminal racemes or panicles. Flowers bisexual, long-lived. Pedicel usually with 2--5 small bracteoles. Receptacle expanded. Perianth absent. Stamens 40--70, in several series. Carpels (4--) 6--17, in a single series, laterally fused; ovules 15--30 per carpel, in two rows along ventral suture of carpel. Fruit composed of laterally fused follicles, ventricidal and shortly loculicidal. Seeds basally and apically with winglike projections; endosperm oily; embryo minute.[13] [more]

Tropaeolaceae

Tropaeolum (), commonly known as Nasturtium (play /n?'st?r???m/; literally "nose-twister" or "nose-tweaker"), is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants and the only genus in the family Tropaeolaceae. It should not be confused with the Watercresses of the genus Nasturtium, of the Mustard family. The genus Tropaeolum, native to South and Central America, includes several very popular garden plants, the most commonly grown being T. majus, T. peregrinum and T. speciosum. The hardiest species is T. polyphyllum from Chile, the perennial roots of which can survive underground when air temperatures drop as low as -15?C (5?F). [more]

Turneraceae

Turneraceae Kunth ex DC. is a family of flowering plants consisting of 120 species in 10 genera. The Cronquist system placed the Turneracids in the order Violales, but it is not currently recognized as a valid family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in the APG III system of 2009, which includes the taxa in the Turneraceae in the Passifloraceae. [more]

Typhaceae

Typhaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists. [more]

Ullmanniaceae

[more]

Ulmaceae

Ulmaceae is a family of flowering plant that includes the elms (genus Ulmus), and the zelkovas (genus Zelkova). Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the north temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution elsewhere except for Australasia. [more]

Umkomasiaceae

[more]

Urticaceae

Urticaceae, or the nettle family, is a family of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica (nettles). Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including the aforementioned nettles, ramie (Boehmeria nivea), mamaki (Pipturus albidus), and ajlai (). [more]

Utrechtiaceae

[more]

Uvulariaceae

[more]

Vahliaceae

[more]

Valerianaceae

The Valerianaceae, or valerian family, of the order Dipsacales contains about 350 species in 7 genera. Plants are generally herbaceous and foliage often has a strong, disagreeable odor. They are found native in most regions of the world except for Australia. Some species are cultivated as ornamentals or used in herbal medicine for inducing relaxation and sleep. [more]

Velloziaceae

Velloziaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by many taxonomists. [more]

Verbenaceae

Verbenaceae, commonly known as the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell. [more]

Viburnaceae

[more]

Violaceae

Violaceae (alternatively Alsodeiaceae , Leoniaceae DC. and Retrosepalaceae Dulac) are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 800 species in 21 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets and pansies. [more]

Viscaceae

Viscaceae is a family of flowering plants. In past decades, several systems of plant taxonomy recognized this family, notably the 1981 Cronquist system. In this circumscription, the family includes the several genera of mistletoes. [more]

Vitaceae

Vitaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants including the grapevine and Virginia creeper. The family name is derived from the genus Vitis. The name sometimes appears as Vitidaceae, but Vitaceae is a conserved name and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, Ampelidaceae. [more]

Viticaceae

[more]

Vivianiaceae

[more]

Vochysiaceae

Vochysiaceae is a plant family belonging to the order of Myrtales. [more]

Vojnovskyaceae

[more]

Voltziaceae

[more]

Walleriaceae

[more]

Welwitschiaceae

Welwitschia is a monotypic genus of gymnosperm plant, composed solely of the very distinct Welwitschia mirabilis. The plant is commonly simply known as Welwitschia in English. It is known locally as !kharos or khurub (Nama), tweeblaarkanniedood (Afrikaans), nyanka (Damara), or onyanga (Herero), among others. It is the only genus of the family Welwitschiaceae and order Welwitschiales, in the division Gnetophyta. The plant, which is considered a living fossil, is named after the Austrian botanist Friedrich Welwitsch who discovered it in 1859. The geographic distribution of Welwitschia mirabilis is limited to the Namib desert within Namibia and Angola. [more]

Winteraceae

The Winteraceae are a family of flowering plants. The family includes 120 species of trees and shrubs in 9 genera. [more]

Xanthophyllaceae

[more]

Xanthorrhoeaceae

[more]

Xerophyllaceae

[more]

Xyridaceae

Xyridaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by many taxonomists and is known as the Yellow-eyed-grass Family. [more]

Zamiaceae

The Zamiaceae are a family of cycads that are superficially palm or fern-like. They are divided into two subfamilies with eight genera and about 150 species in the tropical and warm temperate regions of Africa, Australia and North and South America. [more]

Zannichelliaceae

The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. There are roughly 120 species spread across six genera in the Potamagetonaceae. The largest genus in the family by far is Potamogeton, which contains about 100 species. [more]

Zingiberaceae

Zingiberaceae, or the Ginger family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, comprising ca. 52 genera and more than 1300 species, distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas. [more]

Zosteraceae

Zosteraceae (the seagrass family) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses complete their entire life cycle under water, having filamentous pollen especially adapted to dispersion in an aquatic environment and ribbon-like leaves that lack stomata. Seagrasses are herbaceous and have prominent creeping rhizomes. A distinctive characteristic of the family is the presence of characteristic retinacules, which are present in all species except members of Zostera subgenus Zostera. [more]

Zygophyllaceae

The Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. It includes around 285 species in 22 genera. [more]

At least 761 species and subspecies belong to the Family Zygophyllaceae.

More info about the Family Zygophyllaceae may be found here.

Bibliography

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  • Chen Wei-chiu. 1984. Bretschneideraceae. In: Fu Shu-hsia & Fu Kun-tsun, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 34(1) : 8-10.
  • Hoo Gin & Tseng Chang-jiang. 1978. Diplopanax. In: Hoo Gin & Tseng Chang-jiang, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 54: 135136.
  • Hu Wenkuang. 1990. Toricellia. In: Fang Wenpei & Hu Wenkuang, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 56: 3538.
  • Kuan Ke-chien. 1979. Trochodendraceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: 21--22.
  • Ming Tien lu. 1980. Pentaphylacaceae. In: Cheng Mien & Ming Tien lu, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(1): 135-138.
  • Soong Tzepu. 1990. Aucuba. In: Fang Wenpei & Hu Wenkuang, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 56: 620.
  • Soong Tzepu. 1990. Helwingia. In: Fang Wenpei & Hu Wenkuang, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 56: 2035.
  • Soong Tzepu. 1990. Mastixia. In: Fang Wenpei & Hu Wenkuang, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 56: 25
  • Tao Deding. 1990. Martyniaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 67-68.
  • Wan Wenhao. 2000. Cynomoriaceae. In: Chen Chiajui, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(2): 152-154.
  • Wang Wen-tsai. 1980. Circaeaster. In: Wang Wen-tsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 28: 239241.
  • Wu Kuo-fang. 1997. Flagellariaceae. In: Wu Kuo-fang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 13(3): 2--4.
  • Wu Te-lin & Chen Sen-jen. 1981. Musaceae subfam. Lowioideae. In: Wu Te-lin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 16(2): 19--21.

Footnotes

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  1. Jenny Qiuyun Xiang & David E. Boufford "Aucubaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 222. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. Lianli Lu & David E. Boufford baz & Vladimir Dorofeev "Bretschneideraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 197. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. Dezhi Fu & Bryan E. Dutton "Circaeasteraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 439. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. Jiarui Chen & Michele Funston "Cynomoriaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 434. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. Guofang Wu & Kai Larsen "Flagellariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. Jenny Qiuyun Xiang & David E. Boufford "Helwingiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 227. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. Delin Wu & W. John Kress "Lowiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 319. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. Zhi-Yun Zhang & Heidrun E. K. Hartmann "Martyniaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 228. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. Jenny Qiuyun Xiang, Qibai Xiang, David E. Boufford & Porter P. Lowry "Mastixiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 230. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. Tianlu Min & Bruce Bartholomew "Pentaphylacaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 365. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. Bruce Bartholomew "Tetracentraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 125. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. Jenny Qiuyun Xiang & David E. Boufford "Toricelliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 233. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. Dezhi Fu & Peter K. Endress "Trochodendraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 124. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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2014/08/25 12:58:25