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Malus sieboldii

(Siebolds Crabapple)

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Siebolds Crabapple, Toringa Crabapple, Toringo Crab Apple, Toringo Crab-Apple

Common Names in Japanese:

Zumi

Common Names in Korean:

Agubaenamu

Common Names in Russian:

Jablonja Zibol'da, яблоня зибольда

Description

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Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Malus

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or semievergreen, usually unarmed ; buds ovoid , with several imbricate scales . Leaves alternate, simple , petiolate , stipulate , venation craspedodromous or camptodromous and merely toothed , margin serrate or lobed , folded or convolute in bud. Inflorescences corymbose-racemose. Flowers pedicellate . Hypanthium bowl-shaped. Sepals 5, persistent or caducous . Petals 5, white, pink, or red, suborbicular or obovate . Stamens 15-50, with white filaments and yellow anthers . Ovary inferior, 3-5-loculed, with 2 ovules in each cell ; styles 3-5, connate at base , glabrous or pubescent . Pome usually not containing stone-cells or present in a few species, 3-5-loculed, 1- or 2-seeded in each cell, with cartilaginous endocarp (core ) . Seeds brown or black, cotyledons plano-convex .

About 55 species: widely distributed in N temperate zone; 25 species (15 endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Species Malus sieboldii

Shrubs 2-6 m tall. Branchlets spreading , dark purple or purplish brown, terete , puberulous when young, glabrescent ; buds purplish brown, ovoid , glabrous or only terminal scales puberulous at margin . Stipules narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 mm, herbaceous, slightly puberulous, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1-2.5 cm, puberulous; leaf blade ovate , elliptic , or narrowly elliptic, 3-7.5 × 2-4 cm, both surfaces puberulous when young, abaxially puberulous along midvein and lateral veins when old, adaxially subglabrous, base rounded or broad cuneate, margin serrate, often 3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed on new branches, apex acute. Corymb at apices of branchlets, 4-6 cm in diam.; 4-8-flowered; bracts caducous , linear-lanceolate, membranous, adaxially pubescent , margin entire, apex acuminate. Pedicel 2-2.5 cm, pubescent or subglabrous. Flowers 2-3 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate , subglabrous or pubescent. Sepals ca. as long as or slightly longer than hypanthium, abaxially glabrous, adaxially tomentose, margin entire, apex caudate-acuminate. Petals pinkish, elliptic-obovate, 1.5-1.8 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 3-5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3-5, slightly longer than stamens, villous basally. Pome red or brownish yellow, subglobose, 6-8 mm in diam.; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel 2-3 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*. [source]

Habit: Shrub • Growth Form: Multiple Stem • Shape and Orientation: Rounded

Flowers: Profuse, small flowers borne in corymbs, with five petals. Blooms in April to early May. Fragrant, 5-petaled blossoms . Attracts bees. • Bloom Period: Mid Spring • Flower Color: White • Flower Conspicuous: Yes

Seeds: Seed per Pound: 77000 • Seed Spread Rate: Slow • Seedling Vigor: Medium • Fruit: Globose pome containing 5 carpels arranged in a star, each with 1-2 seeds. • Fruit/Seed Abundance: High • Fruit/Seed Color: Red • Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: Yes • Cold Stratification Required: Yes

Foliage: Foliage Color: Green • Summer foliage: Leaves are smooth , simple , broad, ovate or broad-eliptic or lanceolate, unlobed and toothed along the margin . Color is medium green. • Foliage Porosity Summer: Moderate • Foliage Porosity Winter: Porous • Foliage Texture: Medium • Fall Conspicuous: Yes • Leaf Retention: No

Size/Age/Growth

Active Growth Period: Spring and Summer • Growth Rate: Moderate • Mature Height (feet): 25.0 • Maximum Height at 20 Years (feet): 15 • Size: 4-6' tall. • Vegetative Spread Rate: None • Lifespan: Lifespan

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Patio tree . Small groupings or massing. Specimen. Useful for showy bloom . Useful for high quality summer foliage . Attract birds and wildlife to fruit. • Care: Deer resistant. Tolerates pollution . Tolerates rabbits. Requires cross-pollination between individuals, via insects. Established plants can benefit from fertilization.

Habitat

Mixed forests , among shrubs , slopes ; 150--2000 m [3].

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: Yes • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart.

Soil: Very tolerant of a range of soils, and pH from 5.5 to 7.5. Prefers moist, organic , slightly acid, well-drained soils. • Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: Low • CaCO3 Tolerance: Medium • Minimum pH: 5.3 • Maximum pH: 7.5 • Fertility Requirement: Medium

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Prefers full sun . • Shade Tolerance: Intolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 30 • Maximum Precipitation: 60 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -33 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 90 • Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Synonyms

C. taquetii H. Léveillé • Crataegus cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot • Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1858: 51. 1859 • M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehder Var. toringo (K. Koch) Siebold Ex C. K. Schneider • M. toringo (K. Koch) Carrière • Malus baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen Toringo (K. Koch) Koidzumi • P. subcrataegifolia H. Léveillé • P. toringo (K. Koch) Miquel; Sorbus Toringo K. Koch. • Photinia rubrolutea H. Léveillé • Pyrus esquirolii H. Léveillé • Pyrus sieboldii Regel

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Malus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 761 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

M. angustifolia (Narrow-Leaved Crab Apple) · M. angustifolia var. angustifolia (Southern Crabapple) · M. angustifolia var. puberula (Southern Crabapple) · M. arnoldiana (Arnold's Apple) · M. baccata (Siberian Crabapple) · M. baccata 'Dolgo' (Flowering Crabapple) · M. communis var. silvestris (Wild Apple) · M. coronaria (Garland Crab Apple) · M. coronaria var. coronaria (Sweet Crabapple) · M. coronaria var. dasycalyx (Sweet Crabapple) · M. coronaria 'Big O' (Sweet Crabapple) · M. dasyphylla (Paradise Apple) · M. domestica (Apple) · M. domestica var. calvillea (Wild Apple) · M. domestica 'Aynho Scarlet' (Apple 'aynho Scarlet') · M. domestica 'Ballerina Flamenco' (Apple 'ballerina Flamenco') · M. domestica 'Beller' (Apple 'beller') · M. domestica 'Berleis' (Apple 'berleis') · M. domestica 'Bright Future' (Apple 'bright Future') · M. domestica 'Brown's Seedling' (Apple 'brown's Seedling') · M. domestica 'B. Thome McIntosh' (Apple 'b. Thome Mcintosh') · M. domestica 'Caudal Market' (Apple 'caudal Market') · M. domestica 'Cauflight' (Apple 'cauflight') · M. domestica 'Croen Mochyn' (Apple 'croen Mochyn') · M. domestica 'Dalirène' (Apple 'dalir) · M. domestica 'Delfloga' (Apple 'delfloga') · M. domestica 'Elshard' (Apple 'elshard') · M. domestica 'Eynsham Challenger' (Apple 'eynsham Challenger') · M. domestica 'Galaval' (Apple 'galaval') · M. domestica 'Glansevin' (Afal Glansevin) · M. domestica 'Golden Bromham' (Apple 'golden Bromham') · M. domestica 'Goldlane' (Apple 'goldlane') · M. domestica 'Gooseberry Apple' (Apple 'gooseberry Apple') · M. domestica 'Grandpa Ailes' (Apple 'grandpa Ailes') · M. domestica 'Gwell Na Mil' (Apple 'gwell Na Mil') · M. domestica 'Julie's Late Golden' (Apple 'julie's Late Golden') · M. domestica 'Lady Laura' (Apple 'lady Laura') · M. domestica 'McDonald Gala' (Apple 'mcdonald Gala') · M. domestica 'Minneiska' (Apple 'minneiska') · M. domestica 'Moonlight' (Apple 'moonlight') · M. domestica 'North Aston Nonpareil' (Apple 'north Aston Nonpareil') · M. domestica 'Pen Caled' (Afal Pen Caled) · M. domestica 'Phelp's Favourite' (Apple 'phelp's Favourite') · M. domestica 'Pig Yr Wydd' (Afal Pig Yr Wydd) · M. domestica 'Plymouth Cross' (Apple 'plymouth Cross') · M. domestica 'Pren Glas' (Afal Pren Glas) · M. domestica 'Redlane' (Apple 'redlane') · M. domestica 'Red Delicious' (Red Delicious Apple) · M. domestica 'Rhapsodie' (Apple 'rhapsodie') · M. domestica 'Rondo' (Apple 'rondo') · M. domestica 'Royal Gala' (Royal Gala Apple) · M. domestica 'Rucla' (Apple 'rucla') · M. domestica 'Shilling' (Apple 'shilling') · M. domestica 'Sonate' (Apple 'sonate') · M. domestica 'Spartan' (Spartan Apple) · M. domestica 'Stark' (Apple) · M. domestica 'Sunlight' (Apple 'sunlight') · M. domestica 'Tinyrwydd' (Afal Tinyrwydd) · M. domestica 'Tunda' (Apple 'tunda') · M. domestica 'Ueb26002' (Apple 'ueb24080') · M. domestica 'Wadey's Seedling' (Apple 'wadey's Seedling') · M. domestica 'Wern' (Afal Wern) · M. domestica 'Zari' (Apple 'zari') · M. domestica 'Zonga' (Apple 'zonga') · M. floribunda (Japanese Flowering Crabapple) · M. fusca (Oregon Crabapple) · M. glabrata (Biltmore Crabapple) · M. glaucescens (Dunbar Crabapple) · M. ioensis (Iowa Crabapple) · M. ioensis var. texana (Texas Crabapple) · M. Jelly King = 'Mattfru' (Crab Apple [jelly King]) · M. kansuensis (Flowering Crabapple) · M. magdeburgensis (Malus) · M. mandshurica (Manchurian Apple) · M. micromalus (Kaido Crab Apple) · M. platycarpa (Bigfruit Crab) · M. prunifolia (Pear-Leaf Crabapple) · M. prunifolia var. ringo (Chinese Apple) · M. pumila (Apple) · M. pumila var. McIntosh (Mcintosh Apple) · M. pumila '5-N-1' (Apple) · M. pumila 'Liberty' (Liberty Apple) · M. sargentii (Sargent Crabapple) · M. sargentii 'Candymint' (Sargents Crabapple) · M. sargentii 'Roseglow' (Sargents Crabapple) · M. sargentii 'Tina' (Sargents Crabapple) · M. sieboldii (Siebolds Crabapple) · M. sieboldii var. sieboldii (Toringa Crabapple) · M. sieboldii var. zumi (Toringa Crabapple) · M. sikkimensis (Crabapple) · M. soulardii (Soulard Crab) · M. sylvestris (Common Crab Apple) · M. toringo (Tea Crabapple) · M. toringoides (Cut-Leaved Crab) · M. toringo sargentii 'Tina' (Sargent Tina Crabapple) · M. transitoria 'Schmidtcutleaf' (Golden Raindrops® Crabapple) · M. x (Arnold's Apple) · M. x atrosanguinea (Carmine Crabapple) · M. x Coralburst™ (Coralburst" Crabapple) · M. x domestica (Jonathan Apple)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 16, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Malus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 179. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Malus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 186. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 2013-10-23