Malus micromalus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

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Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Malus

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or semievergreen, usually unarmed ; buds ovoid , with several imbricate scales . Leaves alternate, simple , petiolate , stipulate , venation craspedodromous or camptodromous and merely toothed , margin serrate or lobed , folded or convolute in bud. Inflorescences corymbose-racemose. Flowers pedicellate . Hypanthium bowl-shaped. Sepals 5, persistent or caducous . Petals 5, white, pink, or red, suborbicular or obovate . Stamens 15-50, with white filaments and yellow anthers . Ovary inferior, 3-5-loculed, with 2 ovules in each cell ; styles 3-5, connate at base , glabrous or pubescent . Pome usually not containing stone-cells or present in a few species, 3-5-loculed, 1- or 2-seeded in each cell, with cartilaginous endocarp (core ) . Seeds brown or black, cotyledons plano-convex .

About 55 species: widely distributed in N temperate zone; 25 species (15 endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Patio tree . Small groupings or massing. Specimen. Useful for showy bloom . Useful for high quality summer foliage . Attract birds and wildlife to fruit. • Care: Deer resistant. Tolerates pollution . Tolerates rabbits. Requires cross-pollination between individuals, via insects. Established plants can benefit from fertilization.

Biology

Growth

Soil: Very tolerant of a range of soils, and pH from 5.5 to 7.5. Prefers moist, organic , slightly acid, well-drained soils.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Prefers full sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Malus domestica Borkh. var. micromalus (Makino) Likhonos • Malus domestica var. micromalus (Makino) Likhonos • Malus microcarpa var. kaido Carrière • Malus spectabilis (Aiton) Borkh. Var. micromalus (Makino) Koidz. • Malus spectabilis var. kaido Siebold • Malus spectabilis var. micromalus (Makino) Koidz. • Pyrus micromalus (Makino) L. H. Bailey

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

Members of the genus Malus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 761 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

M. angustifolia (Narrow-Leaved Crab Apple) · M. angustifolia var. angustifolia (Southern Crabapple) · M. angustifolia var. puberula (Southern Crabapple) · M. arnoldiana (Arnold's Apple) · M. baccata (Siberian Crabapple) · M. baccata 'Dolgo' (Flowering Crabapple) · M. communis var. silvestris (Wild Apple) · M. coronaria (Garland Crab Apple) · M. coronaria var. coronaria (Sweet Crabapple) · M. coronaria var. dasycalyx (Sweet Crabapple) · M. coronaria 'Big O' (Sweet Crabapple) · M. dasyphylla (Paradise Apple) · M. domestica (Apple) · M. domestica var. calvillea (Wild Apple) · M. domestica 'Aynho Scarlet' (Apple 'aynho Scarlet') · M. domestica 'Ballerina Flamenco' (Apple 'ballerina Flamenco') · M. domestica 'Beller' (Apple 'beller') · M. domestica 'Berleis' (Apple 'berleis') · M. domestica 'Bright Future' (Apple 'bright Future') · M. domestica 'Brown's Seedling' (Apple 'brown's Seedling') · M. domestica 'B. Thome McIntosh' (Apple 'b. Thome Mcintosh') · M. domestica 'Caudal Market' (Apple 'caudal Market') · M. domestica 'Cauflight' (Apple 'cauflight') · M. domestica 'Croen Mochyn' (Apple 'croen Mochyn') · M. domestica 'Dalirène' (Apple 'dalir) · M. domestica 'Delfloga' (Apple 'delfloga') · M. domestica 'Elshard' (Apple 'elshard') · M. domestica 'Eynsham Challenger' (Apple 'eynsham Challenger') · M. domestica 'Galaval' (Apple 'galaval') · M. domestica 'Glansevin' (Afal Glansevin) · M. domestica 'Golden Bromham' (Apple 'golden Bromham') · M. domestica 'Goldlane' (Apple 'goldlane') · M. domestica 'Gooseberry Apple' (Apple 'gooseberry Apple') · M. domestica 'Grandpa Ailes' (Apple 'grandpa Ailes') · M. domestica 'Gwell Na Mil' (Apple 'gwell Na Mil') · M. domestica 'Julie's Late Golden' (Apple 'julie's Late Golden') · M. domestica 'Lady Laura' (Apple 'lady Laura') · M. domestica 'McDonald Gala' (Apple 'mcdonald Gala') · M. domestica 'Minneiska' (Apple 'minneiska') · M. domestica 'Moonlight' (Apple 'moonlight') · M. domestica 'North Aston Nonpareil' (Apple 'north Aston Nonpareil') · M. domestica 'Pen Caled' (Afal Pen Caled) · M. domestica 'Phelp's Favourite' (Apple 'phelp's Favourite') · M. domestica 'Pig Yr Wydd' (Afal Pig Yr Wydd) · M. domestica 'Plymouth Cross' (Apple 'plymouth Cross') · M. domestica 'Pren Glas' (Afal Pren Glas) · M. domestica 'Redlane' (Apple 'redlane') · M. domestica 'Red Delicious' (Red Delicious Apple) · M. domestica 'Rhapsodie' (Apple 'rhapsodie') · M. domestica 'Rondo' (Apple 'rondo') · M. domestica 'Royal Gala' (Royal Gala Apple) · M. domestica 'Rucla' (Apple 'rucla') · M. domestica 'Shilling' (Apple 'shilling') · M. domestica 'Sonate' (Apple 'sonate') · M. domestica 'Spartan' (Spartan Apple) · M. domestica 'Stark' (Apple) · M. domestica 'Sunlight' (Apple 'sunlight') · M. domestica 'Tinyrwydd' (Afal Tinyrwydd) · M. domestica 'Tunda' (Apple 'tunda') · M. domestica 'Ueb26002' (Apple 'ueb24080') · M. domestica 'Wadey's Seedling' (Apple 'wadey's Seedling') · M. domestica 'Wern' (Afal Wern) · M. domestica 'Zari' (Apple 'zari') · M. domestica 'Zonga' (Apple 'zonga') · M. floribunda (Japanese Flowering Crabapple) · M. fusca (Oregon Crabapple) · M. glabrata (Biltmore Crabapple) · M. glaucescens (Dunbar Crabapple) · M. ioensis (Iowa Crabapple) · M. ioensis var. texana (Texas Crabapple) · M. Jelly King = 'Mattfru' (Crab Apple [jelly King]) · M. kansuensis (Flowering Crabapple) · M. magdeburgensis (Malus) · M. mandshurica (Manchurian Apple) · M. micromalus (Kaido Crab Apple) · M. platycarpa (Bigfruit Crab) · M. prunifolia (Pear-Leaf Crabapple) · M. prunifolia var. ringo (Chinese Apple) · M. pumila (Apple) · M. pumila var. McIntosh (Mcintosh Apple) · M. pumila '5-N-1' (Apple) · M. pumila 'Liberty' (Liberty Apple) · M. sargentii (Sargent Crabapple) · M. sargentii 'Candymint' (Sargents Crabapple) · M. sargentii 'Roseglow' (Sargents Crabapple) · M. sargentii 'Tina' (Sargents Crabapple) · M. sieboldii (Siebolds Crabapple) · M. sieboldii var. sieboldii (Toringa Crabapple) · M. sieboldii var. zumi (Toringa Crabapple) · M. sikkimensis (Crabapple) · M. soulardii (Soulard Crab) · M. sylvestris (Common Crab Apple) · M. toringo (Tea Crabapple) · M. toringoides (Cut-Leaved Crab) · M. toringo sargentii 'Tina' (Sargent Tina Crabapple) · M. transitoria 'Schmidtcutleaf' (Golden Raindrops® Crabapple) · M. x (Arnold's Apple) · M. x atrosanguinea (Carmine Crabapple) · M. x Coralburst™ (Coralburst" Crabapple) · M. x domestica (Jonathan Apple)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Addisonia: colored illustrations and popular descriptions of plants. 12 1927 New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1916-[1964]. url p. 57, p. iv.
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 185.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- url p. 505.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 28, p. 75.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 29 1928 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 325, p. 88.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , p. 25, p. 5.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 172.
• Plantae Wilsonianae; an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold arboretum of Harvard university during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910, by E. H. Wilson, ed. by Charles Sprague Sargent. Cambridge, University Press, 1913-17. url p. 287, p. 290, p. 560, p. 620, p. 647.
• Sargent, C. S. Plantae Wilsonianae: an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold arboretum of Harvard university during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910 /by E. H. Wilson, ed. by Charles Sprague Sargent. 2 1916 Cambridge: The University press, 1913-17. url p. 287, p. 290, p. 560, p. 620, p. 647.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 101, p. 285.
• The first fifty years of the Arnold Arboretum [by] C.S. Sargent. Cambridge, Mass., 1922 url p. 154.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2873.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3876612
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-7029
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13687784
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:726340-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 450865

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Malus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 179. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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