For those that come to the answer to find out how to simply resize a LUKS partition to the size of the resized container, the commands are as follows:
with LUKS encrypted volume opened and the opened volume mapped as
opened-volume, executesudo cryptsetup resize /dev/mapper/opened-volumethen resize the file system. E.g. if it is an Ext4 filesystem, you can resize it even if it is mounted with
sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/opened-volume
I did both commands with a mounted file system with no interruption; it was possible to resize the container without unmounting it first because the encrypted volume was on a LVM logical volume (using lvresize)!