There are lots of issues! Let’s take this part which is "working":
name=$( file -b $i )
if [ name == "directory" ]
This assigns the output of the file command to the variable called name, but doesn't use it; instead, it runs the [ command with 3 parameters: name, ==, and directory. Accepting == is a bash extension.
If this was corrected to use $name rather than name you would again get a too many arguments problem for many cases. This is because file returns multiple word results like ASCII text. So after the command has run you get
if [ ASCII text == directory ]
and now it is obvious that the command is missing some grouping.
if [ "$(file -b -- "$i")" = "directory" ]
is probably what you want: = rather than == for portability, and quoting the result of command substitution which you almost always want to do.
