In the manpage of ps

-j Jobs format.

-f Do full-format listing.

-o format User-defined format.

$ ps -j -o ppid,sid
error: can not use output modifiers with user-defined output

$ ps -f -o ppid,sid
 PPID   SID
 3046 23122
 3046  1002
 1002  1002
 3046 13961
...

What does output modifiers mean? In the manpage of ps, -j,-f and -o are listed under OUTPUT FORMAT CONTROL, instead of OUTPUT MODIFIERS.

Generally speaking, how are output modifiers used, compared to output format control options?

Are output modifiers options or arguments?