I think the Sato's first and second proposals are good ways here, but the first one is maybe the easiest but requires a pam module (Yodal) and its maintenance to work.
Sato Katsura's answer in comments about using AP for disabling 2FA
Get inspiration from how it's done for phones. If you have an AP at home, disable 2FA when you're connected to it;
Alternative approaches
Sato's idea in comments about NFC sticker with NFC reader to ease login at home
if you have an NFC reader, use an NFC sticker;
Sato's idea about GPS which I think is most inaccurate here, and consumes also much battery, and also requires the use of smartphone
if you have a GPS attached use the coordinates, etc.
Discussion about the question
To disable 2FA even at home can compromise security.
In the strictest security sense, I think 2FA login should not be disabled even at home.
Simple is just effective.
- What are the amount of false negatives in each step in security?
- How does the complexity of the system and the maintenance of the pam module for AP affect the security?