All of the symbols you're using are from the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block. You're using the DejaVu font. From the wikipedia page about DejaVu, it supports only 12% of the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block. You need to change the font if you want to display those characters. If you only want to display those three characters, you can use fc-list to find fonts installed on your system like so:
fc-list ':charset=1d412 1d43d 1d441'
Unfortunately there is no good solution for finding characters in all fonts present in the package manager.
But if you can view the characters in your browser and not in the terminal, that'syou should have a problemfont that supports the character because generally browsers should obey the Xdefaults fileusually don't have their own fonts. If you're on Firefox, use the Inspector tool to select the element that's rendering the character and click on Fonts in the rightmost corner of the tool to view what fonts are being used.