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  • Thanks @Nasir Riley, that let me wrap my head around it! Even though I've accepted mosvy's answer, as it answers they original question, this really helped. Maybe it would be beset to add your comment to the other answer? Commented Sep 12, 2019 at 1:39
  • "x on a directory means that it can be traversed" was key for me. Root/containing directory permissions dictate the maximum possible access to contained files (e.g. if o-x on a dir, then in general o does not have access to contained files). Commented Mar 2, 2022 at 6:15