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  • It's good to note that the numerical representation of the rights comes from the binary numeral system where you use only 0 and 1. Each bit has a corresponding value in decimal, which can be calculated easily starting from the rightmost bit, by using "2 to the power of" 0, 1, 2 and so on going to the left. So, a binary number 101 will be decimal 5. So, we see that eXecute is the rightmost bit and hence has a value of 1. The Write is the second bit with a value of 2 and Read has a value of 4. When you combine Read and Write you get 4+2+0 = 6. Then user, group and for others are combined. Commented Feb 25, 2021 at 9:45