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    You're right about the input but not the output. RSA does not encrypt each input byte to an output byte like RC4 or AES-CTR does; it takes a block of bytes (or bits) up to the "size" of the key (more exactly, the size of the modulus in the key, nowadays usually 2048 bits = 256 bytes although in past years smaller keys were used) less a margin that allows padding needed for security (usually 10 to 20 bytes), and encrypts that block to a result the same size as the key/modulus; decrypting removes the padding to give the variable-length input. Commented Sep 30, 2015 at 19:21
  • Thanks for explaining everything guys, I was confused by the term binary data, I'm still trying to understand public key cryptography properly. Commented Oct 1, 2015 at 0:47