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disownjust removes a given child from a shell's internal list of child processes. The child's PPID remains that of the shell. The shell has forgotten that it ever started that child, but the kernel remembers.getppid(2), a system call, and system calls are handled by the kernel. A program could be confused by issuing that call, saving the value, and then using that value after its parentage has changed. There is a chance of a race condition here.