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echoandpwdare 2 such commands, so you're stracing the standalong counterparts and not the built-ins when you did the above tests.type -a.strace, chances are thatstrace cdwill work withoutstty. Is this understanding correct?straceit. But aliases and functions etc. are built into Bash and cannot be straced, since you'd have tostraceBash itself to watch them.strace. There are no system calls to trace for a builtin since it's doing everything internal to Bash.