As Patrick has indicated in a comment, you got the path under /sys wrong.
echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/online
If you want to switch all CPUs off except cpu0:
for x in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[1-9]*/online; do
echo 0 >"$x"
done
Typing maxcpus=1 at a shell prompt has no effect. More precisely, it sets the variable maxcpus to the value 1 in that shell, which doesn't have any other effect. You can set the number of CPUs at boot time by passing maxcpus as a kernel parameterkernel parameter. For that, you have to change your bootloader configuration (e.g. to change the kernel command line in U-Boot).