The short answer is to add the `-Append` option to your `export-csv` statement to stop it overwriting each time round the loop.
Alternatively move the export outside the loop as follows:
$managers = Import-Csv -Path .\test.csv
$managers|foreach-object{
$getmanagersam = Get-ADUser -Filter "employeeNumber -eq $($_.'Manager User Sys ID')" | select -ExpandProperty SAMAccountName
$_|Select *,@{Name='managerUsername';Expression=$getmanagersam}
} | Export-Csv -Path .\simpletest.csv -NoTypeInformation