In Ruby I can use
x = gets.split(" ").map{|x| x.to_i}
how to write in Python
In python 3.x
list(map(int, input().split()))
In python 2.x
map(int, raw_input().split())
map() is also a perfectly good way to do this.x = [int(part) for part in input().split()]
In 2.x, use raw_input() instead of input() - this is because in Python 2.x, input() parses the user's input as Python code, which is dangerous and slow. raw_input() just gives you the string. In 3.x, they changed input() to work that way as it is what you generally want.
This is a simple list comprehension that takes the split components of the input (using str.split(), which splits on whitespace) and makes each component an integer.