Your pseudocode is right.You can bind a class dynamically.See class and style BindingsSee class and style Bindings
So the follow code will work for you:
<li v-for="flightplan in flightplans"
:key="flightplan.id"
v-bind:id="flightplan.id"
v-bind:class="{
'flightplan-list-ifr-dep': flightplan.fplType === 'departure',
'flightplan-list-ifr-arr': flightplan.fplType === 'arrival'
}"
>
And when using v-for,it is recommended always to use a unique key.
I made a simplify example for you.See it in action